Main Achievements and Significance of Yin Ruins Archaeology
2023-02-20
Those who want to flow far away must dredge up their springs. The Yin Ruins, "a piece of oracle bones that startles the world", is the first capital site of the late Shang Dynasty in Chinese history that can be examined by documents and verified by archaeological excavations. It has many important discoveries, including oracle bone inscriptions, showing the glorious history of China and the great achievements of Chinese archaeology, and is of great significance in the history of Chinese archaeology and Chinese cultural history. Yin Ruins is an important discovery site of Yin Shang culture. The archaeological excavation of Yin Ruins, which began in 1928, has gone through more than 90 years, and is the oldest, most frequent and largest ancient capital site in China. To sum up, the archaeology of Yin Ruins mainly has the following achievements: First, the overall layout and structure of Yin Ruins have been basically clarified. On both sides of the Huan River in the northwest of Anyang, with Xiaotun Village as the center, a capital site of the late Shang Dynasty covering an area of about 36 square kilometers was formed. Among them, the northeast of Xiaotun Village is the base site of the palace and the ancestral temple. There is an obvious architectural pattern of the former dynasty, the rear bedroom, the left ancestor and the right community. Jade workshops have been found in the north of Xiaotun Village, bronze foundry sites have been found in the south of Xiaotun Village, and bone workshop sites have been found in the south of Beixinzhuang Village and the south of Dasikong Village. The area around Houjiazhuang and Wuguan Village on the north bank of the Huan River is the royal cemetery area. A total of 13 large tombs have been found, including the tomb of Wuguan Village and the tomb of Fuhao, etc. There are a certain number of human martyrs and animals as well as densely arranged human sacrifice pits. The second is the discovery of Huanbei Shopping Mall. At the beginning of Pan Geng's relocation to Yin Dynasty, the shopping mall was located in the north of the Huan River North Bank Reserve. The city wall was nearly square, 2.2 kilometers from the north to the south and 2.15 kilometers from the east to the west. There were more than 30 large rammed earth sites around the city, and residential areas represented by houses, wells and ash pits were distributed in the north of the city. Third, a large number of cultural relics of the Shang Dynasty such as bronzes have been discovered. A large number of beautifully crafted bronzes, including ritual vessels, wine vessels, weapons and musical instruments, were unearthed at the Yin Ruins, with tripods, goblets, juesses and zun being more common. In addition to bronzes, a large number of pottery, jade, stone, bone, etc. were also unearthed at the Yin Ruins. Fourth, the discovery of oracle bone inscriptions. The oracle bone inscriptions unearthed at the Yin Ruins have preserved 3000 years ago for us, pushing the history of Chinese letters up for about 1000 years. The great discovery of oracle bone inscriptions in Yin Ruins has epoch-making significance in the development of Chinese civilization and even human civilization. Yin Ruins are the main determining place of Yin Shang history. Due to the earlier times and the too brief historical documents, more details of the history of the Shang Dynasty are unknown except for the genealogy of the Shang kings. The oracle bone inscriptions unearthed at the Yin Ruins show us the history of the Shang Dynasty. Among many scholars who confirmed the history of the Yin and Shang dynasties through oracle bone inscriptions, Luo Zhenyu released a large number of oracle bone inscriptions, put forward the classification of oracle bone inscriptions that are still respected by the academic community, and made it clear that the oracle bone inscriptions came from Anyang Xiaotun, and judged that the oracle bone inscriptions were relics of the Yin and Shang royal family, and Xiaotun was the capital of the Shang Dynasty, "Yin Ruins". Wang Guowei combined the inscriptions on oracle bones with the study of the history of the Shang Dynasty, and made an empirical study of the genealogy and documents of the Shang kings in the oracle bones, making the history of the Shang Dynasty a credible history. Guo Mo
Edit：qihang Responsible editor：xinglan
Source：People.cn
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