How to ensure farmers' income when the number of pilot provinces of cultivated land rotation and fallow cultivation increases to 24?
2023-02-17
"Farmland fallow also increases income." Ye Guangkuan, a villager of Lijiakou Village, Liujie Township, Yongqing County, Hebei Province, who has planted crops for half his life, responded to the national seasonal fallow policy to stop planting winter wheat in 2019, and the average yield of corn per mu in the next year increased by about 50 kg. With the fallow subsidy of 500 yuan per mu, the average net income per mu in one year reached about 600 yuan, which was about 200 yuan higher than before the fallow. Hebei is a typical resource-based province with water shortage. Groundwater has been overdrawn for a long time, forming the largest groundwater funnel area in China. As a major agricultural province, Hebei's wheat planting area is about 33 million mu, and agricultural water consumption accounts for more than half of the total economic and social water consumption. After the implementation of one season (wheat) fallow and one season (corn) planting, the average water consumption per mu will be reduced by 150 cubic meters. At present, there are 2 million mu of arable land in Hebei Province that are subject to seasonal fallow, reducing the annual exploitation of groundwater by 300 million cubic meters. Exploring and implementing the pilot system of cultivated land rotation and fallow in some regions is a major decision and deployment made by the Party Central Committee and the State Council with an eye to the prominent contradictions in China's agricultural development and the changes in supply and demand of domestic and foreign food markets, with the aim of promoting the cultivation of cultivated land and the sustainable development of agriculture. In November 2015, "To implement the farmland rotation and fallow system, the state can, according to the financial and food supply and demand conditions, focus on carrying out pilot projects in groundwater funnel areas, heavy metal pollution areas and seriously degraded areas, arrange a certain area of farmland for fallow, and give necessary food or cash subsidies to fallow farmers." In June 2016, the former Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the Pilot Plan for Exploring the Implementation of the Farmland Rotation and fallow System, It is proposed to "adhere to ecological priority and comprehensive management, give priority to rotation and supplement fallow, and ensure national food security and do not affect farmers' income as the premise", and take the lead in carrying out rotation pilot in cold areas in the northeast, northern farming-pastoral ecotone and other places, and carry out fallow pilot in Hebei groundwater funnel area, Hunan heavy metal pollution area, and seriously degraded areas in the southwest and northwest. Since the pilot, the implementation area of rotation fallow has increased from 6.16 million mu in 2016 to 69.26 million mu in 2022, and the implementation provinces have increased from 9 to 24. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to "improve the system of fallow and rotation of cultivated land". Not long ago, the reporter went to Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Yunnan and other pilot provinces of crop rotation and fallow to see how to subtract the cultivation intensity and multiply the quality and efficiency, change the agricultural production mode, and make the economic and ecological effects resonate at the same frequency. Why do we carry out rotation and fallow? Let the heavy arable land rest and the overdrawn soil take a breather. The cumulative implementation of rotation fallow cultivation has exceeded 100 million mu. "A drench of rain, the sweet potato can jump up and cover the farmland with green oil." In the late winter, standing at the edge of a large field at the head of Ma'anshan Village, Pingyuan Town, Yanshan County, Yunnan Province, Ren Wenlin, executive director of Yunnan Twenty-three Degrees Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., told reporters that the sweet potato is a special variety specially planted for winter fallow, It can increase the content of soil organic matter, restore the soil microbial community, and improve the soil resistance to pests and diseases.
Edit：He Chuanning Responsible editor：Su Suiyue
Source：Xinhua
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