Kumarash: A qualitative leap in the translation of Chinese Buddhist scriptures
2022-12-29
In 353, a religious debate was going on in the royal palace of Yabin (now Kashmir). A religious commentator was surprised when he saw the argument opponent sent by the Buddhist side - it was actually a 10-year-old child. However, after several rounds, the child caught the flaws in the logic of the other party, and chased after them. The other party was refuted to silence. The onlooker, King Shu Bin, was very surprised. He immediately announced that he would provide "a pair of goose wax, three buckets of japonica rice and noodles, and six liters of crispy rice" to the winner every day, and send five monks and ten monks to take care of his daily life. The statue of Kumarashi in front of Kizil Grottoes in Xinjiang. Xinhua News Agency reported that this young man was Kumarashi (343-413 years) who studied Buddhism with his mother from Qiuci (now the Kuqa area in Xinjiang). After this argument, all countries in the Western Regions know that there was a talented boy named Kumarash in Qiuci. In 356, Luo Shi, who was full of sound and reputation, returned to Qiuci. At that time, there were more than 1000 Buddhist temples and more than 10000 monks in Qiuci, which was an important Buddhist town in the Western Regions. Rush found the Shining Prajna Sutra in the Qiuci Palace. After studying it, he thoroughly understood the meaning of "emptiness" in Mahayana Buddhism. In 363, after receiving the precept of having enough, Rush learned the Ten Chants from the Humoros fork and became a monk. In the following 20 years, Luo Shi lived in Qiuci to preach scriptures and became a famous Buddhist leader in the Western Regions. In 384, a former Qin army suddenly came to Qiuci City. At that time, Fujian, the monarch of the former Qin Dynasty, had pacified the north and had strong troops. General Lv Guang captured Qiuzi. The next year, he captured Luoshi and returned to Liangzhou. After 17 years in Liangzhou, Rush mastered Chinese, which laid an important foundation for his later translation of Buddhist scriptures into Chinese; At the same time, a group of monks in the pass, such as Seng Zhao, came to Liangzhou to learn, which enabled him to understand the situation of Buddhism in Han. In the third year of Hongshi's reign (401), after the rise of the former Qin Dynasty, the latter Qin Dynasty attacked Liang. Luoshi was welcomed to Chang'an, the capital of the latter Qin Dynasty. Yao Xing, the monarch of the Later Qin Dynasty, believed in Buddhism, and Luo Shi received a grand reception. With Yao Xing's full support, he began the cause of sutra translation, which had a profound impact on the localization of Buddhism in China. Yao Xing successively established a translation center for Luoshi in Chang'an Leisure Garden and Chang'an Temple. Before that, the translation field was a temporary organization for the translation of scriptures, and there was no fixed place, let alone a translation field system. After Luo Shi entered Chang'an, the system was established after the scripture translation, and the scripture translation was promoted by the system. Rush was protected by Yao Xing. For more than ten years, Daxing translated, and Taoist couples gathered under the seats. Luo Shi presided over the translation field in the Leisure Garden and Chang'an Temple, and translated a series of heavyweight Buddhist classics. There are 39 and 313 volumes of Buddhist scriptures translated by Rush, among which there are still a volume of Vajra Sutra, seven volumes of Fahua Sutra, three volumes of Vimalakirti Sutra, four volumes of Siyi Brahma Sutra, one volume of Amitabha Sutra, one hundred volumes of Da Zhi Du Theory, and several volumes of "Three Theories" (Zhonglun, Twelve Mencius, Hundred Theories) that are still widely circulated. The translation of Buddhist scriptures in China started at the end of the Han Dynasty and has been going on for more than 200 years. In the early days, such as the translation of sutras by Zhi Qian and Kang Sanghui in the Three Kingdoms, they focused on free translation. For example, "Prajna Paramita" was translated into "Mingdu", "Subuti" was translated into "Shanye", and even incantations were carried out in Chinese according to their meanings
Edit：luoyu Responsible editor：jiajia
Source：mzb.com
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