Kou Qianzhi and the Reform of Tianshi Taoism
2022-12-16
Chongfu Palace, located at the foot of Longevity Peak in Song Mountain, Henan Province, has preserved a precious stone tablet, the Biography of Master Kou, which records the life and achievements of Kou Qianzhi, a high priest in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Kou Qianzhi once lived in seclusion in Mount Song for more than 30 years, and later joined the WTO to reform the Heavenly Master Taoism, making Taoism take on a new look. His practice of Taoism innovation and integration of Confucianism and Buddhism opened up a path of integration of three religions for the development of Taoism. Portrait of Kou Qianzhi Photograph: Kou Qianzhi (365-448), whose ancestral home is Shanggu Changping (now Beijing), moved to Feng Yi for ten thousand years (now the northeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi). He came from a big family in the north, and his family believes in the Way of Heavenly Master. Influenced by the family atmosphere, Kou Qianzhi has been fond of immortality since he was young and has a heart of breaking the customs. When I was young, I practiced five ways of fighting and took bait medicine, but it didn't work. When he was 18 years old, he got the chance to practice in the mountain under the guidance of Cheng Gongxing. He first learned from Mount Hua, and then turned to Mount Song for decades. After learning, he began to accept apprentices and spread the teachings. The Northern and Southern Dynasties, where Kou Qianzhi lived, was a historical stage of national integration. At that time, northern China was in the midst of the chaos of local separatist regimes. In his prime, Kou Qian was mainly active in Guanzhong and Songluo areas in Henan province, which were controlled by the Yao regime of Qiang nationality in the late Qin Dynasty; In his later years, the Tuoba regime of Xianbei in the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the north and ended the long-term division. Accustomed to the social turbulence, the evolution of political power, the invasion of war, and the displacement of the people, many people abandon the world and live in seclusion in the mountains, seeking to become immortals. However, in his long-term Taoist activities, Kou Qianzhi did not forget the hardships of people's livelihood in reality and his long cherished wish to serve the imperial court with Taoism. While practicing Taoism, he paid close attention to the current situation and political trends outside the mountain to prepare for going out of the mountain in the future. During this period, Kou Qianzhi made Taoist scriptures in the name of God Subduing according to people's religious understanding and emotion twice. The first time was in the seventeen years (415 years) after Qin Hongshi's reign. When Kou Qianzhi was 51 years old, he said that the Supreme Lord Laojun came to Mount Song personally and gave him the title of Heavenly Master and "Recite the Commandment of New Science in Cloud". The scripture, in the name of the Supreme Lord Lao Jun, announced that "Taoism should be cleaned up, and three false laws should be eliminated", the new Taoism should be implemented, with "courtesy as the first, and taking food and training as the second", and the scripture should be entrusted with the responsibility of "helping the country and helping the people". The so-called "Three Zhang" refers to Zhang Ling, Zhang Heng and Zhang Lu, who are the founders of the Five Dou Mi Dao. The doctrines and rules they left behind were regarded as the code by the five Doumi Taoists. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the organizational system of "five measures of war" was lax, the discipline and discipline were lax, and the drawbacks were numerous, which was extremely incompatible with a unified and stable society. Therefore, Kou Qianzhi named the oracle to pave the way for the reform of the Heavenly Master's Way that he will implement. The second time was in the eighth year of Taichang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (423 years), when Kou Qianzhi was 59 years old, he asked the Supreme Lord Xuansun Li Chuwen to come and give him the Sutra of Recording Pictures. The True Sutra of Lu Tu is not only a classic of reforming Taoism, but also a divine book of divination. It declares that Kou Qianzhi is the adoptive son of God. He was ordered to hold the true sutra to assist the "True Prince of Taiping in the North", impeach and call up hundreds of gods, and teach disciples. Combined with the situation that Tuoba was going to dominate the Central Plains at that time, it was obviously a prophecy created to cater to its potential, which had a clear purpose, and coincided with Kou Qianzhi's desire to be an "imperial teacher". It is worth noting that Kou Qian
Edit：luoyu Responsible editor：jiajia
Source：mzb.com
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