The multi-level human brain atlas developed by the European Human Brain Project team can help research mental diseases and aging disorders by associating the brain network with its basic anatomical structure. By mapping microarchitectures with unprecedented levels of detail, the atlas provides a better understanding of brain connections and functions. In the journal of Biological Psychiatry, researchers recently summarized the Yulich human brain atlas, focusing on the cell structure and receptor structure of the human brain, and how to apply the atlas to the field of psychiatry. Cell structure is the study of the distribution, density and morphology of cells in the nervous system. It has a long history in brain mapping. Early neuroscientists noticed the structural differences between cerebral cortex regions and began to divide them into different regions. These regions are considered to be important for brain function and dysfunction. In addition to the cellular structure, the Ulrich human brain atlas also includes a distribution map of neurotransmitter receptors that regulate brain activity. Neurotransmitter receptors differ not only between regions, but also between different layers of a region, which is closely related to their connection patterns and their role in a larger network. Based on the data collected from the postmortem brain, the atlas explains the naturally occurring variability among subjects by generating probability maps in 3D space, rather than just a map of a single brain. The Ulich Brain Atlas is a "living" atlas that grows with new insights into the increasingly integrated brain regions. It is associated with other maps, for example, those from the study of living human brain fiber bundles. Such macro and micro data are integrated in the multi-level human brain atlas of the European Human Brain Program, and can be publicly accessed on the "Electronic Brain" (EBRAINS) digital research infrastructure. The researchers listed the latest use cases of these tools in different peer review studies. For example, users can analyze and share high-resolution imaging data and compare it with functional MRI data sets. The map can also be linked to gene expression data from Allen's human brain map, thus providing researchers with diagnostic tools for severe depression, dementia and other diseases. In the past century, modern human medicine has made rapid progress. However, when it comes to brain, we have to humbly admit that its operating mechanism is still a "black box" to a large extent. Without mentioning anything else, it is said that there are different opinions on the definite causes and pathogenesis of neurogenic diseases with high social concern, such as depression, Alzheimer's disease, autism, etc. Of course, there is also considerable room for improvement in the treatment and drugs for these diseases. In this case, scientists in the biomedical field have to continue to bury their heads, explore how the brain works and functions at the most basic level, and try their best to promote it from "black box" to "white box". (Outlook New Times)
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