The "Urbanization Movement" and the Origin of Civilization in the Longshan Era
2022-11-14
Some scholars divide the prehistoric period into Chahai era, Yangshao era and Longshan era, representing the three major development stages of China's prehistoric period. From the perspective of archaeological discoveries, the settlements in the Chahai era were basically in the era of circular trenches, and the early Yangshao era saw the emergence of walled settlements - cities. The Longshan era was the first peak of urban construction in China. Up to now, including the Stone City in the north, more than 100 sites of various kinds have been found, which can be called "urbanization movement". The urbanization movement in the Longshan era promoted and witnessed the origin process of China's civilization, showing a development track from pluralism to integration. The "Urbanization Movement" and the emergence of regional super large city sites The Chengtoushan Site in Lixian County, Hunan Province, in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the early Yangshao Period is the earliest city site ever discovered. In the late Yangshao era, two city sites were found in Tianmen, Hubei, and one in Longshangang, Xichuan and one in Xishan, Zhengzhou, adjacent to Hubei. It can be inferred that the city may originate in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and spread to the Central Plains through the Nanyang Basin in southwest Henan. The city sites in the early Longshan era were mainly distributed in four regions: Hetao and Shanxi Shaanxi Plateau, Huanghuai River, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The middle reaches of the Yangtze River were still the regions where the prehistoric city sites were concentrated at this stage. Yaowang City in Rizhao, Shandong Province, Shijiahe in Tianmen, Hubei Province, and Liangzhu Ancient City in Yuhang constitute large regional central cities in various regions. This period is a period of continuous spread of urban settlements. In the later period of the Longshan era, the number of urban discoveries has doubled, and the emergence of large regional central city sites in this period attracts more attention. Shijia River in Tianmen, Hubei Province, and Liangzhu Ancient City in Yuhang City in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River have continued to be used until this stage. In the Chengdu Plain at the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, there is a large regional central city, Xinjin Baodun. Its "outer city" covers an area of nearly 2.76 million square meters, and the inner city covers an area of 600000 square meters. In Haidai area, Rizhao Yaowang City continued to be used until the late Longshan era, forming the southern settlement group in the southeast coastal area of Shandong Province; The two cities in the northern coastal area centered on Wulian Dantu and the two towns also formed settlement groups; From the piedmont of northern Shandong to the southern edge of northwestern Shandong plain, a settlement group represented by Linzi Tonglin site was found. In the Central Plains area, the large regional central city site of this stage should be represented by the site of Taosi Temple, with a scale of about 2.8 million square meters. In addition, a moat settlement in Zhoujiazhuang, Jiangxian County, belonging to the same Taosi culture, was found in Yuncheng Basin. The scale of the site was nearly 4.5 million square meters, and the area of the moat reached more than 3 million square meters. At this stage, Henan also found such small and medium-sized city sites as Anyang Hougang, Boai Xijin City, Dengfeng Wangchenggang, Huaiyang Pingliang Platform, Huixian Mengzhuang, Yancheng Haojiatai, Pingdingshan Puchengdian, Puyang Qicheng, Wenxian Xubao, Xinmi Ancient City Village, Yuzhou Wadian, and large circular trench settlements of about 1 million square meters, such as Xinzhai, Xinmi, and Gongyi Shaochai. Many prehistoric stone cities have been found in the northern region with Hetao and the Shanxi Shaanxi Plateau as the core. The existing large stone cities mainly include the Shenmu Shimao city site in Shaanxi, the Baiyagou site in Xingxian County, Shanxi, and the Bicun site. The area of Shenmu Shimao Stone City is more than
Edit：luoyu Responsible editor：wangxiaojing
Source：GMW.cn
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