Today, lithium ion batteries have long been integrated into our daily life, but the content of lithium in the crust is low, so it is urgent to find elements that can replace lithium to prepare high-performance rechargeable batteries. As a substitute for lithium, aluminum is rich in the crust, but its chemical properties are very active, which is easy to form a dense oxide layer. As a negative electrode, aluminum dendrites are also easy to generate, leading to battery short circuit, so it is difficult to achieve industrialization. Recently, in a study published in Nature, in order to develop a high-performance aluminum battery without dendrite, researchers from Peking University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and other institutions have jointly developed a low melting point molten salt electrolyte composed of inorganic chlorides (sodium chloride potassium chloride aluminum chloride) to replace the current commonly used ionic liquid electrolyte. It is reported that the aluminum electrode in sodium chloride potassium chloride aluminum chloride electrolyte has the characteristics of anti dendritic growth, and the electrode surface presents a clear section without sharp dendrites. This research provides a new idea for the development of aluminum battery in the future. Compared with lithium batteries, aluminum batteries have many advantages. Aluminum batteries use metal aluminum as the negative electrode and chloroaluminate based molten salt or ionic liquid as the electrolyte. Aluminum deposition/stripping occurs on the negative electrode, and chloroaluminate ions or aluminum ions embed/detach or undergo conversion reaction on the positive electrode, thus realizing charge storage and release. "Aluminum battery has the advantages of high battery capacity, high safety and long service life." Wang Wei, professor and doctoral supervisor of the School of Metallurgy and Ecological Engineering of Beijing University of Science and Technology, said that compared with traditional lithium batteries, aluminum batteries have many advantages. Because the theoretical specific mass capacity of aluminum is 2.98 Ah/g, it is second only to lithium; The theoretical specific volume capacity is 8.05 ampere hours/cubic centimeter, ranking first among all metals. Therefore, the battery capacity of aluminum battery has a high theoretical upper limit. Because the aluminum property of the negative metal of aluminum battery is stable and the electrolyte is not flammable, aluminum battery will not burn, explode and other dangerous phenomena even if it is punctured and short circuited. In 2015, Wang Wei's research group developed a new type of non aqueous aluminum battery with room temperature ionic liquid as electrolyte, graphite as positive electrode and aluminum as negative electrode. This battery system has a discharge voltage of up to 2 volts, and has excellent cycle stability and magnification performance, showing great practical potential. Since then, non aqueous aluminum battery has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of energy storage worldwide. However, in the follow-up research process, relevant researchers found that due to the extremely strong acidity of ionic liquid electrolytes, the high capacity cathode materials dissolved in electrolytes usually have the problem of short cycle life. In addition, ionic liquid electrolytes are easy to absorb water, have poor air stability, and are easy to decompose, so the development of electrolytes has become an important research direction of non-aqueous aluminum batteries. "In this latest research, by using a low melting point inorganic chloride molten salt electrolyte, it has successfully replaced the current widely used ionic liquid electrolyte, achieving high power operation, low voltage polarization and high energy efficiency of aluminum batteries." Wang Wei said that due to the high thermal stability and non combustibility of low melting point molten salt electrolyte, the safety of large-scale integrated systems was solved
Edit：Li Jialang Responsible editor：Mu Mu
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