What challenges does the superposition of high temperature and drought bring to agriculture
2022-08-22
Since late June, the number of high-temperature days in southern China has been abnormally large, and the meteorological drought in the Yangtze River Basin has continued to develop. On August 19, the Central Meteorological Station continued to issue a high temperature red warning, which was the 30th consecutive day that the Central Meteorological Station issued a high temperature warning. At 18:00 on August 18, the Central Meteorological Station issued the first meteorological drought warning of this year. The high temperature and little rain weather has led to the continuous development of drought in some areas, and the obvious deviation of soil moisture in many places in the South has brought severe challenges to agricultural production. At present, the autumn grain production is in the critical period, and the autumn grain output accounts for three quarters of the annual grain output. What are the impacts and challenges of high temperature and drought on agriculture? How will the weather situation develop in the future and how should we deal with it scientifically? This reporter interviewed experts from the central meteorological station and agricultural meteorology of many provinces. Impact - high temperature and drought are significant. Autumn grain and cash crops are affected to varying degrees. Zheng Changling, senior engineer of the National Meteorological Center, introduced that since the end of June, the average number of high temperature days in southern China has been the highest since the same period in 1981, and some areas in Southern Jiangsu and Anhui, most of Hubei, most of Zhejiang, Eastern Jiangxi, central and Western Hunan, and Eastern Sichuan Basin have been 16 to 36 days more than the same period, And the precipitation in most of these areas is less than that in the same period of the year. High temperature and little rain have led to significant development of drought in some areas, affecting the growth and development of autumn grain crops and the production of economic forests and fruits. The high temperature weather is not conducive to the flowering and pollination and grain filling of one season rice, the tasseling and silk spinning of corn, the green tillering of late rice and the flowering and Bolling of cotton. At present, the growth of autumn grain crops such as rice and corn in central and southern Anhui, Western and southern Hubei, northern Jiangxi and Eastern Sichuan Basin are affected to varying degrees. In the tea production area in the south of the Yangtze River, sunny heat and little rain bring light to moderate high temperature heat damage, and local tea trees are sunburned. Jin Zhifeng, a senior engineer at the research level of the Zhejiang provincial Climate Center, introduced that in Zhejiang Province, some young tea plantations and tea varieties with too late pruning and insufficient green leaves on their branches were greatly affected and severely affected. At the same time, some fruits in the south of the Yangtze River appeared cracking, falling fruit, sunburn injury and other phenomena. High temperature weather also brings challenges to aquaculture. Wan Suqin, a senior engineer at the research level of Wuhan Regional Climate Center, said that at present, aquaculture in Hubei Province is facing hypoxia caused by high temperature. "Especially during the period from noon to sunset, the surface water temperature exceeds the critical temperature of warm water fish, and the feeding and growth of fish, shrimp and crabs are affected. The water temperature is high, the dissolved oxygen rate of the water body decreases, and the fish pond is prone to hypoxia and flooding." Challenge - the high temperature will continue in the future. The drought risk in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is high. This round of high temperature process lasts for a long time, has a wide range, high intensity and strong polarity. How long will it be hot and dry in the future? The Central Meteorological Observatory predicted that in the next two weeks, the high-temperature weather in Jianghuai, Jianghan, Jiangnan, Sichuan Basin and southern Shaanxi will continue, with the maximum temperature reaching 35 ° C to 38 ° C and the local temperature exceeding 40 ° C. Henan, southern Shandong and Northern Jiangsu and Anhui also have intermittent high-temperature weather, with the highest temperature of 35 ° C to 38 ° C and the local temperature exceeding 39 ° C. This week, the high temperature and drought will usher in a short period of relaxation. August 24-27, Jiang
Edit：He Chuanning Responsible editor：Su Suiyue
Source：Guang Ming Daily
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