Osteoporosis is commonly known as "calcium deficiency". Calcium is an important element of the human body. More than 90% of the calcium in the human body exists in bones and teeth, and a small part in blood and soft tissues. The calcium in the bone makes the bone strong and strong, but the calcium content in the bone is not constant. It is constantly exchanged with the calcium in the blood and soft tissues to achieve a stable balance. If too much calcium is lost in bone, it may cause osteoporosis. Under what circumstances should osteoporosis be suspected? Brittle fracture is a common and serious manifestation of osteoporosis, and it is also the most important target for the treatment of osteoporosis. Brittle fracture refers to the fracture that occurs after very slight movements, such as sneezing or slight trauma. The most common fractures are compression fracture of spine, fracture of forearm wrist and hip. Osteoporosis may also have other symptoms, such as unexplained systemic pain, including waist, back, limbs, neck and shoulder, etc., which is more obvious at night, and may be accompanied by convulsions and excessive night sweat. With the increase of age, the height of elderly women gradually becomes shorter and hump appears. Osteoporosis should also be suspected. In addition, if the bone mineral density test results are abnormal during physical examination, osteoporosis should also be highly suspected. The most important bone mineral density measurement is the bone mineral density measurement value, where t value is the ratio compared with healthy people, and Z value is the ratio compared with the same age. T value gt- 1, normal bone density; The T value is between -2.5 and -1, and there is a problem of bone mass reduction; If the T value is less than - 2.5, osteoporosis is considered to exist. Most osteoporosis patients are primary, and the elderly and postmenopausal women are the main population of primary osteoporosis. After entering the old age, the balance of bone metabolism inclines to bone loss. Especially, the hormone metabolism level changes in women after menopause, which makes them more prone to osteoporosis. But there are also some cases of secondary osteoporosis. For example, some unhealthy lifestyles such as extreme lack of activity and exercise, bad smoking and drinking habits may cause osteoporosis; Endocrine system diseases such as hyperparathyroidism and premature menopause / amenorrhea can also lead to osteoporosis; Gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatic disease and gastrointestinal malabsorption can cause abnormal absorption of calcium. Is it necessary to supplement calcium and take medicine to prevent osteoporosis? and be not so. In fact, the most important measure to prevent osteoporosis is to adjust the lifestyle. First of all, the diet should be balanced and nutritious. Every meal should take necessary nutrients, such as protein, vitamins and cellulose. If there is a risk of osteoporosis, we should pay more attention to the intake of calcium rich foods such as milk. Secondly, it is better to have certain outdoor activities and receive sunlight to facilitate calcium absorption. Third, proper exercise can help reduce the incidence of osteoporosis, but not too much, otherwise it will backfire and cause strain. Fourth, adjust unhealthy lifestyles, such as quitting smoking and drinking, and reduce the intake of carbonated drinks and coffee. We must remind you that when taking some special drugs, you should pay attention to whether the drug instructions indicate that
Edit：xiaoxi Responsible editor：shuxin
Source：people.cn
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