The decade of compulsory education: balanced development in the county, so that more children can "go to school"
2022-06-22
"207000 schools, 158million students and 10.57 million teachers." At the press conference held by the Ministry of education on the 21st, lvyugang, director of the Department of basic education of the Ministry of education, reported this series of figures, pointing out the current scale of compulsory education in China. Running compulsory education well concerns the healthy growth of hundreds of millions of children, the development of the country and the future of the nation. How to meet the people's good expectations from "learning" to "learning"? On the basis of the full popularization of compulsory education in China, it took only about 10 years to achieve the basic balanced development of the county, which has become another new milestone in the history of the development of compulsory education in China. " Lvyugang concluded. Consolidate the "two basics" and highlight the "top priority" of compulsory education In 2011, China fully realized the basic popularization of nine-year compulsory education and basically eradicated illiteracy among young and middle-aged people (hereinafter referred to as "two basics"). In this context, in 2012, the State Council issued the opinions on further promoting the balanced development of compulsory education, which clearly required that "by 2020, 95% of the counties (cities, districts) in China will achieve basic balance". "Due to the limited conditions at that time, the foundation of the 'two basics' in many places was very weak and the rebound pressure was great." Tianzuyin, director of the Education Supervision Bureau of the Ministry of education, pointed out. In order to effectively consolidate the achievements of the "two basics", the Ministry of education has earnestly implemented the major political task of poverty alleviation, focused on ensuring compulsory education, improved the long-term mechanism of controlling dropout and ensuring school attendance, enhanced cross departmental data comparison and accurate mapping, listed key areas for supervision, and earnestly done a good job in persuading dropout students to return to school, so as to ensure that they can find, persuade and stay. Over the past decade, the achievements of "two basics" have been effectively consolidated, and the status of "top priority" of compulsory education has been further highlighted: From 2012 to 2021, the net enrollment rate of primary school-age children nationwide will be further increased from 99.85% to 99.9%, the gross enrollment rate of junior middle school will always remain above 100%, and the consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education will be increased from 91.8% to 95.4%; In 2021, the national compulsory education stage will be documented, and the dropout of poor students will be dynamically cleared. Especially in the old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, remote areas and poverty-stricken areas in the central and western regions, on the basis of comprehensively realizing the "two basics", the popularization level of compulsory education has been further improved; The special education promotion program was implemented continuously to effectively guarantee the equal right of disabled children and adolescents to receive education. The enrollment rate of compulsory education for school-age disabled children exceeded 95%. In 2021, there were 92000 students in special education in China, an increase of 541000 over 2012, an increase of 142.8% Improve the guarantee mechanism, and constantly improve the funding, school running and teacher conditions Over the past decade, compulsory education has continuously improved the guarantee mechanism in terms of balanced allocation of school running resources and coordinated promotion of balanced development of compulsory education. Conditions such as funds, school running and teachers have been continuously improved, and the people's sense of happiness has been significantly enhanced. We will continue to run compulsory education by the government and gradually raise the level of funding for compulsory education. In 2015, on the basis of integrating the rural compulsory education fund guarantee mechanism and the urban compulsory education reward and subsidy policy, the state established a compulsory education fund guarantee mechanism that integrates urban and rural areas and focuses on rural areas. "From 2012 to 2021, the average expenditure for primary school students increased from 7447 yuan per student to 14458 yuan per year, and the average expenditure for junior middle school students increased from 10218 yuan per student to 20717 yuan per year. The standard of average public expenditure for students has been raised for many times, reaching 650 yuan for primary schools and 850 yuan for junior middle schools in the East, central and western regions. The standard of average public subsidy for special education students in the compulsory education stage has been raised to 7000 yuan, 8-10 times that of ordinary students." two exemptions and one subsidy " (exempt tuition and miscellaneous fees, provide textbooks free of charge, and grant living allowances to students from economically disadvantaged families) achieve full coverage of urban and rural students. Basically, students with financial difficulties from their families should do their best to help them, and priority should be given to students with files, minimum living allowances, special poverty support, orphans, disabled and other students into the scope of financial assistance. " Lvyugang told reporters. The implementation of major projects has fundamentally improved the school running conditions. Through the implementation of major projects such as "comprehensively improving the basic conditions for running schools with weak compulsory education in poor areas", the central government has invested more than 400billion yuan, driving local investment to exceed 1trillion yuan, focusing on solving the problem of "weak villages and crowded cities" and narrowing the gap between urban and rural schools. Lvyugang said that at present, the basic school running conditions for compulsory education have been significantly improved, and the problems of dilapidated buildings and datongpu have been basically solved. In particular, the school running conditions in many rural areas in the central and western regions have achieved a qualitative leap, "the best and safest building is in the school" has been recognized by the masses. Adhere to the construction of teachers as the basic work. Over the past decade, the state has raised the staffing standards for primary and secondary schools, especially rural schools, and implemented urban-rural and regional overall planning and dynamic management. Over the past decade, the total number of full-time teachers in compulsory education has increased from 9.09 million to 10.57 million, an increase of 1.48 million. The proportion of teachers with bachelor's degree or above has increased from 47.6% to 77.7%; At the same time, we will improve the mechanism for training and supplementing teachers, replenish a large number of high-quality teachers for rural areas in the central and western regions through various channels, such as the "special post plan", public funded normal students, and retired teaching support, and establish a system of exchange and rotation of teachers; Through the "national training program", more than 17million principals and teachers have been trained, greatly improving the education and teaching level of rural principals and teachers. Crack the "school choice craze" and make admission opportunities more fair Over the past decade, compulsory education has adhered to the people-centered development of education, and through deepening comprehensive reform, we have worked hard to solve the hot and difficult issues that the people are concerned about. "School choice fever" has been a social hot spot for a long time, and it is also a "stumbling block" that hinders the realization of education balance for a long time. How to comprehensively manage the persistent "school choice fever"? Li Mingxin, the principal of Beijing primary school, said that there is a practical problem that must be solved, that is, to meet the needs of the people to allow their children to enjoy high-quality education to the greatest extent. Under this background, the exploration of group school running came into being. According to limingxin, in 2011, Beijing primary school took the lead in setting up the city's first public school education group, starting a beneficial exploration of collectivization. Beijing primary school proposed that the collectivized school should embody the purpose of "concept consensus, resource sharing, complementary advantages and Brand Co Construction". In the following 10 years, the school's advanced educational ideas, management concepts and school running experience were widely spread in the branches in Xicheng, Fangshan, Daxing, Tongzhou and Fengtai, sharing high-quality educational resources, attracting the "return" of many students in the film, and greatly curbing the continuous warming of the "school selection fever". Limingxin told the reporter that taking the Tianning Temple Branch of Beijing primary school as an example, it turns out that the vast majority of children with registered residence in Beijing around the Tianning Temple go to choose a school. Only 2 to 3 classes can be enrolled in the first grade, and most of them are migrant children without registered residence in Beijing. After joining the group in 2014, a large number of local registered residence children returned to school that year, reaching 6 classes. Now it has reached 14 classes in grade one every year. At present, the school has grown from 450 people before entering the group to more than 2300 people. Parents around the Tianning Temple no longer trust their relationship to choose a school, but happily send their children to the Tianning Temple Branch of Beijing primary school. In Shandong, the action of strengthening schools and expanding excellence through education is in the ascendant. "Led by high-quality schools, it has established 1926 education groups and alliances among schools, between urban and rural areas and between regions, covering 7062 schools in the stage of compulsory education. It has realized the integrated reform, co construction and sharing of Party building, management, teaching and research, curriculum, resources, teachers and evaluation in schools within the group. Schools at the door of people's homes are becoming better and better, and the problem of" school selection fever "has been greatly alleviated." Fengjikang, deputy secretary of the Education Working Committee of the Shandong provincial Party committee, deputy secretary of the party leading group and deputy director general of the Provincial Department of education, said. "To realize educational equity in a balanced way, we should not only focus on the equity of opportunity, but also pay more attention to the equity of process." Li Mingxin said. Over the past decade, in order to provide children with more equitable access to school, the reform of compulsory education enrollment has been deepened. The policies of free admission to nearby schools and "citizens enrolling at the same time" have been fully implemented. Illegal enrollment behaviors such as cross regional examinations, holding "pit occupying classes" and collecting "sponsorship fees" have been comprehensively standardized. The "school selection fever" has been greatly reduced, and the access to school has become more fair; We will improve the enrollment policy of migrant workers' accompanying children based on "two priorities, two inclusion, and residence permits" to ensure equal access to compulsory education. In 2021, the proportion of migrant workers' accompanying children studying in public schools and enjoying the degree services of private schools purchased by the government will reach 90.9% in the stage of compulsory education... The dividend of balanced development of education is benefiting more and more parents and students. (outlook new era)
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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