Boost the further development of quantum computing technology
2022-06-10
The joint team led by researcher gaohongjun of Institute of physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences has realized a large-area, highly ordered and controllable mayolana zero energy mode lattice array in iron-based superconducting material lithium iron arsenic for the first time, which is a step towards the realization of topological quantum computing. This achievement was published in nature on June 8. There is a magical basic particle in the universe. Its antiparticle is itself. This particle is called mayorana fermion. Similar particles that may appear in solid materials are called mayorana zero energy modes, and their weaving operations can be used in topological quantum computation. The joint team led by researcher gaohongjun of Institute of physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences has realized a large-area, highly ordered and controllable mayolana zero energy mode lattice array in iron-based superconducting material lithium iron arsenic for the first time, and observed the interaction of mayolana zero energy modes caused by regulation, which has taken an important step towards the realization of topological quantum computing. This achievement was published in the international academic journal Nature on June 8, Beijing time. explore An important way to realize fault tolerant topological quantum computation "Tao gives birth to one, gives birth to two, gives birth to three, and gives birth to all things", which is the ancient people's cognition and understanding of the world and expresses the construction process of all things from simplicity to complexity. For physicists, everything can be divided: a cup of water can be divided into many drops; A water drop can be split into many water molecules; A water molecule can be split into two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom; An atom can be further divided into microscopic particles such as electrons and quarks. In the end, physicists found that the so-called "everything" is actually composed of more than 60 kinds of basic particles. The discovery of these 60 kinds of elementary particles and their properties is the research goal of particle physicists. These elementary particles can be divided into bosons and fermions according to different statistical laws. For example, the well-known photons belong to bosons and electrons belong to fermions. For fermions, the antiparticle of most fermions is different from itself. For example, the antiparticle of an electron is a positron with a unit of positive charge. Such fermions are called "Dirac fermions", named after physicist Paul Dirac. There is another magical elementary particle in the universe. Its antiparticle is itself. This basic particle is called "mayolana fermion", which was predicted by physicist etore mayolana in 1937. However, for more than 80 years after its prediction, particle physicists have been unable to find the exact evidence of the existence of the particle in the vast universe. In the field of condensed matter physics, another major branch of physics, theorists predict that particles similar to mayorana fermions may appear in solid materials, which are called mayorana quasiparticles or mayorana zero energy modes. Ligang, associate researcher of the Institute of physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: "the statistical law of mayorana zero energy mode is neither like boson nor fermion, but a unique non Abelian statistical law. This quasi particle weaving operation is considered to be an important way to realize fault-tolerant topological quantum computing." find Mayolana zero energy modes observed on iron-based superconductors Quantum computer follows the laws of quantum mechanics and is well known by the public because of its great advantages over traditional computers in dealing with complex problems. At present, governments and technology giants in many countries in the world have invested great energy in developing quantum computing. The main challenge of quantum computing lies in the fact that quantum states are easily disturbed by the environment, resulting in decoherence, which will cause continuous errors in the calculation process and affect the accuracy of the calculation results. Nonlocal topological qubits composed of mayorana zero energy modes can solve the problem of quantum decoherence in principle, which has attracted extensive attention of researchers. In the early observation of mayolana quasiparticle carrier materials, the representative material systems include semiconductor nanowires under the close proximity of conventional superconductors, magnetic atomic chains on the surface of conventional superconductors, and superconductor topological insulator interfaces. These materials often have some problems, such as difficult to prepare and demanding for very low temperature. In 2018, gaohongjun research team cooperated with Dinghong research team to accurately measure the superconducting vortex of iron tellurium selenium single crystal samples of iron-based superconductors by using its self-designed and assembled international top-level ultra-low temperature strong magnetic field scanning tunneling microscope / spectroscopy joint system, and observed mayorana zero energy mode in iron-based superconductors for the first time. Gaohongjun said: "compared with previous material systems, iron-based superconductors have the advantages of simple materials and high observation temperature, and can observe pure mayolana zero energy modes." In the following years, the research team made a series of further studies on mayorana zero energy modes in iron-based superconductors, clarifying the topological nature of mayorana zero energy modes; The characteristics of the near quantized conductance plateau of mayorana zero energy mode are observed, and the key experimental evidence of the existence of mayorana zero energy mode in iron-based superconductors is given; Mayolana zero energy mode has been observed on iron phosphorus based superconductors, which greatly expands the mayolana zero energy mode carrier platform. However, there are still some problems in these iron-based superconducting material systems, such as uneven material components, disordered and uncontrollable flux vortex arrays, and low ratio of mayorana zero energy modes, which hinder their further research and application. How to break through the current research bottleneck, obtain a large-area, highly ordered and controllable mayorana zero energy mode array, and go further to topological quantum computing is one of the urgent problems to be solved in the field of iron-based superconducting mayorana. significance It lays a solid foundation for the weaving of mayorana zero energy modes and topological quantum computation This time, gaohongjun's research team conducted a detailed and in-depth study on the iron-based superconductor lithium iron arsenic. Using the powerful scanning tunneling microscope research platform and rich research experience accumulated over the years, the team found that stress can induce a large area, highly ordered and controllable mayolana zero energy mode array. Gaohongjun said: "the significance of our research lies in the realization of a large-area, highly ordered and controllable mayolana zero energy mode array for the first time, and the observation of mayolana zero energy mode interaction caused by regulation, which lays a solid foundation for the next step to realize the weaving of mayolana zero energy modes and topological quantum computing." Referring to the next research plan, gaohongjun said that he hoped to further realize the weaving of mayorana zero energy mode. "If it can be realized, it should be a world-class breakthrough. However, even if the weaving is realized, there is still a long way to go from the real realization of topological quantum computers." (Xinhua News Agency)
Edit：Li Jialang Responsible editor：Mu Mu
Source：xinhuanet
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