Guilin Museum: youyou Lishui poetry and painting Guilin
2022-05-31
Green forest and eight osmanthus trees grow in the water in clusters of green mountains. Guilin, Guangxi, is an international famous tourist city and one of the first batch of famous historical and cultural cities in China. In Lingui new area of Guilin City, a building complex with rich northern Guangxi style is attracting attention. This is the "one hospital and two libraries" (Guilin Grand Theater, Guilin Museum, Guilin Library) of Guilin City reception hall. The appearance of Guilin Museum combines the characteristics of folk houses in northern Guangxi and the ancient charm of Han and Tang Dynasties, with a building area of 34000 square meters, an exhibition hall area of 12000 square meters, and a 1400 square meter youth science popularization and social education activity center. The museum has a collection of more than 39000 pieces (sets) from the Paleolithic age to modern times, including ceramics (represented by Buddhist pottery unearthed in the Guizhou kiln of the Tang Dynasty and plum vase unearthed in the Ming Dynasty), calligraphy and painting (represented by famous masters of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the calligraphy and painting of Guilin's top scholars and Guilin landscape paintings), anti Japanese War cultural relics and historical materials (represented by the cultural relics of the southwest drama exhibition), national folk customs cultural relics (represented by the costumes of ethnic minorities in the South) A collection system supported by 12 categories of cultural relics such as gifts from foreign guests visiting Guangxi. Lishui spring and autumn culture Guilin has a long history. Human cultural relics can be traced back to the Paleolithic age 30000 years ago. Qin chiseled the Lingqu to connect Lingnan with the Central Plains, and set Guilin, Nanhai and Xiangzhou as three prefectures. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Shi'an county was established in Guilin. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Guilin was an important border defense town in the south of the five ridges, and developed into a prosperous city in the southwest in the song and Yuan Dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, Guilin government was established, and Guilin was the government seat. In the Qing Dynasty, Guilin's culture and education developed unprecedentedly and the imperial examination was prosperous. During the Anti Japanese War, Guilin was a famous "Anti Japanese War cultural city". Walking into the "spring and autumn of Lishui - Guilin Historical and cultural exhibition" in Guilin museum is like sailing on the long river of history. Visitors can explore the site of Zengpiyan, known as "one of the important scales and databases of Prehistoric Archaeology in South China and even Southeast Asia", and learn how Zengpiyan people made stone tools and pottery more than 10000 years ago; You can approach the Lingqu, one of the oldest artificial canals in the world and the world irrigation engineering heritage, and listen to the story of the Qin army breaking water and building canals; You can appreciate the prosperity of cliff statues and steles in the Tang and Song Dynasties; In front of the large rubbings of the city map of Jingjiang mansion, you can have a panoramic view of the water system around the city in Guilin in the Southern Song Dynasty, and imagine Fan Chengda's depiction of the West Lake in Guilin as "a man playing three flutes, a jumping fish turning into a plain light". "If you lose what you have learned, you will lose it all your life." Xu Beihong's ink painting "cattle and horses walking" is a masterpiece of calligraphy and painting in the collection of Guilin Museum. Xu Beihong is good at painting horses. After the September 18th Incident, Xu Beihong's horses often embody the feelings of worrying about the country and the people and the national spirit of rising up and fighting and indomitable. It can be seen from the inscription of the painting that the ox and horse walk was written by Xu Beihong at the request of his good friend yangzhongzi in 1932. As a music educator, yangzhongzi expressed his hard-working heart for the music cause of the motherland. In the picture, an ox and a horse move forward slowly. The horse is painted in thick ink, followed by the ox. the picture is well-organized. Xu Beihong's daily paintings of horses mainly focus on the running horses who are passionate and enterprising. In this picture, the horses pace peacefully. Even though their sharp edges are not exposed, they also hold their heads high and show stubbornness in their tranquility. The ox is solid and honest. The horn of the ox is outlined with strong lines. It is sharp and strong. In the picture, grass and willows are sketched in light ink. New buds have sprouted on the willows, implying vitality and hope. In the display cabinet, a yellowing "song of the first southwest drama Exhibition" describes a "cultural miracle" that blends into the landscape of Guilin ". From 1938 to 1944, Guilin accepted hundreds of cultural celebrities and cultural institutions from all over the country, held a large number of cultural activities, and became the cultural center of China's rear during the Anti Japanese War, known as the "Anti Japanese War cultural city". Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, cultural figures and organizations gathered in Guilin launched a vigorous Anti Japanese cultural movement. In the spring of 1944, the war of resistance against Japan was in a difficult stalemate. Ouyang Yuqian, then the curator of Guangxi Art Museum, proposed that a large-scale "the first southwest drama Exhibition" be held in Guilin under the chairmanship of Tian Han, xiongfoxi, Qu Baiyin and other pioneers of the drama movement at that time. The drama exhibition opened on February 15 of that year. 33 progressive art teams and nearly 1000 drama workers from 8 provinces and regions, including Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan and Guangxi, gathered in Guilin. "The Japanese aggressors are rampant, fighting in all directions; the national destiny is in an instant, fighting for life and death..." the heroic anthem resounded through the sky. The scenes of drama made the people behind the war of resistance seem to be personally on the battlefield of gunfire, and aroused the patriotic feeling of saving the nation from danger. The show lasted 90 days, with more than 80 plays and 170 performances, and more than 100000 audiences. The New York Daily commented: "such a large-scale drama exhibition is the only one ever seen except in ancient Rome." Plum vase treasures are the best in the world As the largest, the largest number of mausoleums and the most complete preserved imperial tombs of the Ming Dynasty in China, Guilin Jingjiang imperial mausoleum reflects the superb level of architectural art of the mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty and has high historical, artistic and research value. Among the numerous funerary objects unearthed, the most precious and distinctive one is the plum vase. Plum vase, also known as beauty vase, is named for its small mouth, which can only insert plum branches. King Jingjiang of the Ming Dynasty became a vassal of Guilin. His lineage lasted 280 years. During this period, he ordered to burn, use and bury a large number of plum vases. Guilin Museum has a large number of plum vases in the Ming Dynasty. There are more than 300 plum vases from the early Ming Dynasty to the late Ming Dynasty. They are rare in the world because of their various types, rich glaze colors and various decorative patterns. Experts and scholars praise them as "the treasure of the country" and "the best in China, the hometown of plum vases, and a must in Guilin". "Jingjiang relics - display of Ming Dynasty plum vase unearthed in Guilin" in Guilin museum is the only special display of Ming Dynasty plum vase in China. In the exhibition hall, the audience were amazed by the exquisite plum vase. These hundreds of plum vases are basically fine products produced in Jingdezhen. They were fired in the early Ming Dynasty, Xuande, Hongzhi, Zhengde, Jiajing, Wanli, Tianqi and Chongzhen. They can be divided into 12 types, 15 glaze colors and 30 patterns. Placed in the center of the exhibition hall is the most precious pair of blue and white plum vases in Guilin Museum, which can be called "the treasure of the museum". Looking for fragrance with wine (visiting friends with a zither) the plum vase is a national first-class cultural relic. On the vase is a picture of a high priest with a happy look, riding slowly. The zither boy leads the way with a zither, and a servant behind the horse carries wine and food. In the distance, the mountains are green, the clear water is flowing, and the willow branches along the road are swaying with the wind. The plum vase of Wenqiao figure in Xixi was unearthed in the same tomb. Its size and shape are the same as those of the plum vase of looking for fragrance with wine (visiting friends with piano), and the patterns on the neck, shoulder and shin are also identical. On the bottle, there is also a senior scholar on horseback. His clothes are similar to those in the picture of visiting friends with a piano. In front of the horse, there is a servant with a sword on his shoulder. Gao Shizheng reined in his horse and looked back. He talked to a woodcutter as if to ask for directions. When the woodcutter came back from cutting firewood, he rested on the roadside. When asked, he got up to greet him and bowed before leaving. The commentator said that the contents reflected in the two bottles of patterns are related to cause and effect. Experts speculate that the picture of Xixi asking the woodcutter depicts Yu Boya's first encounter with the woodcutter zhongziqi, and the other picture shows Yu Boya visiting an old friend with a piano after they became familiar. "This kind of porcelain painting with complementary contents is rare in the world." Take a close look. In the picture of visiting friends with a zither, the servant carries a bamboo food jacket on his shoulder and a plum bottle containing wine on the other. This "bottle in the bottle" provides intuitive material information for studying the ancient wine culture and the use of plum bottles. "The shape of the plum vase in the picture is almost the same as that of some of the plum vases in our museum. The shapes and patterns of these pairs of bottles are very exquisite, and no similar ones have been found so far. They can be regarded as a model of Chinese blue and white porcelain in the Yongle and Xuande periods of the Ming Dynasty." Tangchunsong, curator of Guilin Museum, said. People in colorful folk paintings Guilin is a multi-ethnic settlement, where people of all ethnic groups have jointly created unique material and spiritual civilization, which constitutes a rich and colorful folk culture in Guilin. "People in pictures - Guilin folk culture exhibition" shows the beautiful life of people of all ethnic groups in Guilin. After entering the exhibition hall, three kinds of Guilin characteristic life modes, namely, Pingdi Huawu (the Han nationality residence in northern Guangxi), Yishan residence (the Ganlan style building of ethnic minorities in northern Guangxi) and water people (the boat people in Pingle Guijiang River), are presented. The Han folk houses in Guilin are deeply influenced by the culture of the Central Plains and the culture of the surrounding ethnic minorities, forming an independent courtyard architecture pattern. The whole courtyard is composed of light walls, gates, patios, main rooms, wing rooms, etc., most of which are green bricks and grey tiles, and rows of horse head walls. The Yao, Zhuang, Dong, Miao and other ethnic groups living in Guilin mostly live close to the mountains. The dry fence style buildings they live in are also called stilted buildings. Most of them are two-story bamboo and wood structures with tiled roofs. The first floor is low, stacked with firewood, labor tools, and livestock pens. The second floor is the living area, with a lobby and balcony. The Lijiang Guijiang waterway has been a golden waterway for population migration and material exchanges since ancient times. The boat people of Guijiang river live on red sailboats, which integrate daily life, labor and business. The boatman trafficked goods from Guangzhou or Wuzhou all the way to the north and landed to sell all kinds of daily necessities. The unit "colorful clothes" shows the colorful national costumes. Ethnic minorities in Southwest China have the habit of wearing silver ornaments. They believe that silver ornaments can ward off evil spirits and evil spirits, and symbolize wealth and beauty. The ten rows of dragon carved silver collars of the Yao nationality in the Qing Dynasty in the exhibition cabinet are beautifully made and eye-catching. The surface of the collar is not decorated, and the edge is made of 20 breast nails with silver bar plates. In the middle, a silver medal with dragon pattern is tied with a silver bar. The dragon pattern is powerful. The whole collar is simple and elegant without losing the sense of luxury. (outlook new era)
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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