Pursuing the historical depth of song rhyme
2022-05-26
[said by the author] Deng Guangming, an expert in Song History, said: "the culture of the Song Dynasty has reached its peak in the historical period of Chinese feudal society and up to the period of Western learning spreading to the east at the time of the Ming and Qing Dynasties." As an important historical period in the evolution of Chinese civilization, the Song Dynasty has been widely concerned. The song rhyme culture, which is diversified and inclusive, competes for ingenuity, pursues excellence and elegant and exquisite, is known as the historical peak of Chinese classical civilization with thousands of meteorology. It is a beneficial thing for cultural construction to explore from the dense and profound ancient rhyme, or to open a new and far-reaching way in the description of contemporary paintings and obtain the overall cognition of song rhyme culture. A brief reading of song rhyme culture written by the author for the "Song rhyme culture transmission project" may provide some ideas for the interpretation and construction of song rhyme culture Connotation of rhyme What is "Song rhyme"? As for "Song rhyme", in the current research or speech, some take the meaning of "meaning", "flavor" and "interest" of the word "Rhyme", which is biased towards material feeling. For example, burn incense, fight tea and arrange flowers to enjoy and taste the delicacy of Song people's life from the perspective of life aesthetics. Some take the meaning of "charm", "charm" and "charm" of the word "Yun", which is biased towards artistic feeling. For example, poetry, calligraphy and painting, piano and chess, lament and experience the elegance of Song people's art and literature from the perspective of artistic aesthetics. Therefore, life and art are an organic part of song rhyme culture. Song people's life aesthetics and artistic elegance have indeed endowed Song Yun with a unique temperament. However, if we need to understand the spiritual characteristics of an era and systematically refine its excellent cultural elements, we should have a more comprehensive and profound understanding of song rhyme culture. It can not be limited to the narrow literal understanding of the word "Yun", nor can it be equated with the all inclusive and good and bad song culture without discrimination and selection. To understand song rhyme culture, we need to uphold the attitude of seeking truth from facts, rationality and objectivity, so as to see the essence through the phenomenon, accurately grasp the historical "chassis" of an era, and improve the tone and quality of song rhyme culture. For example, with regard to the elegant charm of the Song Dynasty, some articles regard incense, tea, painting and flowers as the essence of Song people's life and highly appreciate them, based on the records of "burning incense, ordering tea, hanging paintings and arranging flowers, four kinds of business, and not tiring the family" in Mengliang record. However, looking at the incense affairs of the two Song Dynasties, there were various disadvantages besides "elegance". For example, the circulation of spices did not produce value. The imperial court raised the price of domestic spices by buying and banning spices, which was actually a disguised plunder of national wealth; The luxury consumption of spices stimulates the economy, but the luxury of life destroys the healthy development of the economy; Using the wealth gained from exporting silk and porcelain to buy a large number of spices as luxury goods is a waste of national strength to some extent. For another example, with regard to the literary atmosphere of the Song Dynasty, some articles believe that the basic national policy of the Song court of "advocating literature and restraining military" and the civil service system of "sharing the world with scholars and bureaucrats" made the literati of the Song Dynasty have very high treatment, and the two Song Dynasties became the "best era" for the literati. The two Song Dynasties did have the "Jiayou rule" in the Renzong period of the Northern Song Dynasty, with the emergence of cultural celebrities such as Su Shi, Su Zhe, Zeng Gong, Cheng Hao and Zhang Zai. The relatively loose political and cultural ecology in the Xiaozong period of the Southern Song Dynasty produced groups of academic celebrities such as Zhu Xi, Lu Jiuyuan, Lu Zuqian, Chen Liang and Ye Shi. However, in the Song Dynasty, there were also harsh literary prohibitions such as Wutai poetry case, Yuanyou party case, Yuanyou school ban and Qingyuan party ban, as well as the dictatorship of power ministers such as Cai Jing, Qin Hui, Han Yuzhou, Shi Miyuan and Jia Sidao, resulting in low morale. It can be seen that only through comprehensive understanding, objective analysis, rational evaluation, discarding its dross and taking its essence, can we get a glimpse of the whole picture of "Song rhyme". The song rhyme culture understood by the author refers to the excellent civilized elements, internal spirit and cultural values in the two song cultures, which are reflected in many aspects of social life in the two Song dynasties. For example, the rhyme of material interest in the field of daily life, the rhyme of ingenuity in the field of production technology, the rhyme of order in the field of social operation, the rhyme of intellectual knowledge in the field of discovery and invention, the rhyme of speculation in the field of academic thought, the rhyme of aesthetics in the field of literature and art, etc. are presented as excellent and abundant economic production, the peak of science and technology in the era of independence, an open and inclusive social style, academic schools with profound meanings, rational and restrained literary spirit The artistic aesthetics of simplicity and elegance, the deep and magnificent feelings of family and country, and the exploration of life philosophy. They are not only the overall rhythm from an era in the process of Chinese civilization, but also the concrete manifestation of the super step and elegance of classical tradition. They have a long and far-reaching root vein, huge geographical network and well-organized historical logic. With their civilization achievements of cultural creation value and historical progress, they converge into a unique charm and echo in historical time and space. In addition to a comprehensive, objective and rational view of "Song rhyme", it should be noted that the formation of an era scene is also inextricably linked with its social matrix. Even the poetry, calligraphy and painting of the Song Dynasty, which is regarded as the most "elegant" feature, does not exist independently of the society. In its plot, story, line, color and other artistic forms, it contains deep concern for the times, profound social thinking and deep ideological crystallization. It is full of serious themes such as the country and the continuation of civilization. It is more and more heavy due to the era of the Southern Song Dynasty. Poets and poets such as Lu You, Xin Qiji and Wen Tianxiang all think about national hatred and family hatred. They are sad and angry, strong and intense. They express their concern for the current situation of their country and embody a strong spirit of patriotism. The literature and art of the two Song Dynasties not only has the leisure and elegance of literati, but also has a broad life world and life Vientiane. Taking the painting of the Southern Song Dynasty as an example, many painters have created works reflecting the life of the people, such as ploughing and weaving, cattle herding, bartender, baby play and so on. The chanting of the minor is difficult to replace the deep and serious historical sigh and the deep and broad humanistic care. It only regards the romantic and snowy moon as the one-sided cognition of the song rhyme culture, which not only gives people the feeling of "not knowing the hatred of the subjugation of the country", but also the contempt and disrespect for the objective history. The spirit of rhyme The spiritual pedigree, which reflects its internal characteristics, is the most fundamental core of song rhyme. The author believes that "Song rhyme" actually has the following spirit. The national spirit with the consciousness of the Chinese national community as the core. Throughout all periods of Chinese history, the recognition of "one China" has always come down in one continuous line. Although there were confrontations between political power and military affairs in the two Song Dynasties, the exchanges between various nationalities lasted for a long time and had a deep degree of integration. They all adhered to the sense of cultural identity of Chinese integration, jointly realized the integration of the northern frontier and the Central Plains, enriched and deepened the connotation of the pluralistic and integrated pattern, laid the foundation for the final maturity of a unified multi-ethnic country in the yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and also integrated ideas, systems, culture, education, etiquette The influence of Chinese civilization such as classics spread to neighboring regions such as East Asia. Song rhyme culture is inseparable from the frequent contact between the two Song Dynasties and ethnic minority regimes. To a large extent, it comes from the historical difficulties it faces and the new ideas, new space and new efforts it is inspired to deal with them. Patriotism full of family and country feelings and traditional virtues. Patriotism is the great banner of the Chinese nation. Historically, facing the threat of external force, the society and people of the two Song Dynasties embodied the patriotic spirit of defending sovereignty and safeguarding unity. Patriotism is also largely manifested in the sense of responsibility of worrying about the country and the people and concerned about internal affairs. For example, Wen Renfu has constantly put forward the ideas of reforming domestic affairs, punishing corrupt officials, rewarding agriculture and mulberry industry, managing local chaos and saving the world. Patriotism is also the embodiment of the traditional virtues and personal qualities of the Chinese people. It shows care and loyalty to the country, compassion and sympathy for the living conditions of the people, and the awe inspiring integrity of taking responsibility for morality, ideals and righteousness and daring to sacrifice. Rooted in the open spirit of overseas trade and foreign exchanges. The history of the two Song Dynasties gaining economic benefits through overseas trade is also a process in which foreign exchanges bred the spirit of openness and played a great role in promoting history. Externally speaking, the Song Dynasty stepped on the world economic stage, integrated into the world trade system and played an important role, formed an open market closely connected with domestic and foreign markets, and began to change from a landlocked country to a land and sea country. While expanding to the outside world, the internal environment has changed, the merchant class and handicraft industry group have grown, the urban space and citizen class have sprung up, the ideas have been liberated, the identity background has been relatively weakened, a large number of civilian and secular elements have emerged, "the value of people" has been paid attention to, the citizen culture has flourished, and the open spirit has become a common practice. The creative spirit bred in a pluralistic and inclusive social environment. The special circumstances of the Song Dynasty not only brought great development difficulties, but also stimulated abnormal creativity. Since its establishment, the Northern Song Dynasty has adopted the "Yan Wu Xiu Wen" cultural governance policy, and adopted the "cultural inclusiveness policy passively implemented by the objective environmental relationship" because of facing many domestic and foreign troubles (preface to the commentary on the history of culture of the Northern Song Dynasty by Deng Guangming). Compared with other historical periods, the emperors of the Song Dynasty were generally kind to scholars, and the policy environment and social atmosphere were relatively loose and inclusive. Together with economic development, book dissemination and imperial examination, they protected and promoted ideological emancipation and cultural innovation, and the creative spirit and its role gained rich fertile soil of the times. The scientific spirit of daring to explore and seeking knowledge and truth. Scientific spirit and scientific and technological achievements are important driving forces for civilization and progress. Throughout the evolution of major civilizations in the world, especially at key nodes, advanced scientific and technological productivity is a dazzling light of civilization. With the sinking of culture and popularization of education in the Song Dynasty, a knowledge society atmosphere of research and exploration and a scientific spirit of seeking knowledge and truth were formed, and remarkable scientific and technological achievements were made. The three great inventions of gunpowder, compass and printing have world influence. Remarkable achievements have been made in basic sciences such as astronomy, calendar and mathematics. Applied technologies such as agricultural science and technology, metallurgical technology, silk and porcelain technology, navigation technology and medicine have promoted social development. The military confrontation in the Song Dynasty was fierce, and the weapon manufacturing was also improved. The humanistic spirit of cherishing social concerns and fulfilling social responsibilities. The scholar group of the Song Dynasty broke through the narrow academic constraints, adhered to the Confucian concept of maintaining unity and peace, deeply cherished the sense of hardship, cared about the fate and future of the country, did not avoid authority, sought innovation in learning, and determined to "make a life for the living people" and "create peace for the world". They pay attention to the secularization and daily life of Confucianism, and actively participate in social construction such as moral cultivation, public education, grass-roots governance, social welfare and communication rules. They have become an important force in building the norms of daily life order and strengthening the cohesion and stability of grass-roots society. The value of rhyme The purpose of studying song rhyme culture is to provide a historical perspective and Enlightenment for the cultural construction of the new era. The author believes that the transformation and dissemination of the Millennium song rhyme is still valuable at present. Five thousand years of Chinese civilization is a time when all ethnic groups have jointly developed the beautiful rivers and mountains of the motherland and jointly created a long Chinese history and splendid Chinese culture. Song, Liao, Xia and Jin enriched and deepened the connotation of the pattern of pluralism and integration. Today, inheriting song rhyme culture is conducive to strengthening Chinese cultural identity, safeguarding national unity and national unity, and carrying forward the spirit of patriotism. During the two Song Dynasties, it inherited the cosmopolitan spirit of the Han and Tang Dynasties and supported foreign exchanges with the rational cognition of economic development
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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