Reform and development of Higher Education: building a world-class university with Chinese characteristics
2022-05-25
[forge ahead into a new journey, make contributions to a new era and great changes]? May 4, 2014, Peking University. April 25, 2022, Renmin University of China. "Take root in China to run a university", "Chinese characteristics, world-class"! The speech spans eight years, but its spirit is consistent. It points out the direction and provides basic guidance for the reform and development of China's higher education. "To measure the development level of a country's higher education, we mainly look at two aspects: one is the popularization level of higher education, and the other is the situation of world-class high-level universities." Qu Zhenyuan, general inspector and adviser of the Education Steering Committee of the State Council, believes that since the 18th CPC National Congress, China's higher education has made remarkable achievements in these two aspects that have satisfied the people and attracted world attention. In the past decade, the level of popularization has achieved a historic leap forward. During the 13th Five Year Plan period, China has built the largest higher education system in the world, with the gross enrollment rate of higher education reaching 57.8%, an increase of 27.8 percentage points, and entered the world recognized stage of popularization. Over the past decade, the ability of education to serve science and technology and economic and social development has been significantly enhanced - at present, 53.3% of China's new labor force has received higher education; More than 60% of basic research and more than 80% of NSFC projects in China are undertaken by colleges and universities. Over the past decade, the international influence of education has continued to increase - China's medical education standards and certification system have achieved international substantive equivalence, engineering education has joined the Washington Agreement to achieve international multilateral mutual recognition, and the mutual recognition of academic degrees and degrees covers 56 countries and regions. 1. The sword finger is first-class and bravely climbs the top innovation peak It has always been one of the important goals of China's higher education development to take root in China and have first-class sword fingers. After nearly two years of deliberation, selection and identification, in 2017, the Ministry of education, the Ministry of Finance and the national development and Reform Commission announced the list of world-class universities and first-class disciplines (hereinafter referred to as "double first-class") universities and disciplines. 42 schools have entered the ranks of first-class universities and 95 schools have entered the ranks of first-class disciplines. Five years later, in 2022, the second round of "double first-class" construction was launched, and a new chapter was opened in the reform and development of China's higher education. This high-profile list includes 147 construction universities and 331 construction disciplines (excluding self-determined disciplines), including 59 basic disciplines, 180 engineering disciplines and 92 philosophy and social sciences disciplines. "The second round of construction list will no longer distinguish between first-class universities and first-class discipline construction universities. It will explore the establishment of classified development, classified support and classified evaluation construction system as one of the key points, guide the construction of universities to focus their energy and focus on the innovation and substantive breakthrough in relevant fields and directions, and create a real world-class." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education said. From the return of top scholars to the output of innovative achievements, from the "four new" construction to talent training... Bit by bit changes have injected driving force into the great leap forward development of China's higher education and provided talent foundation for China to climb to the top innovation peak. From Yang Zhenning to Qiu Chengtong, from Shi Yigong to Xie Xiaoliang, over the years, a large number of world-renowned Chinese scholars have successively returned to China from overseas, which has directly driven the development of a number of disciplines and the output of scientific research achievements, and laid a solid foundation for domestic universities to move towards world-class. From "Chang'e exploring the moon", "Xihe", "Tianyan" to "striver diving into the sea", from "Shenwei Taihu Lake light" supercomputer to "Jiuzhang" quantum computer, from the demonstration project of high temperature gas cooled reactor nuclear power plant to the key technology of silicon carbide materials, from the international University of science program of human phenotype group to the listing of the first new crown neutralization antibody drug, colleges and universities have participated in solving the "neck sticking" problem of a large number of key core technologies, Become a new force of national independent innovation. The "four new" construction of new engineering, new medical, new agricultural and new liberal arts has made rapid and steady progress, and strive to build a new teaching reform, new quality and new system of higher education in the new era. At present, China has built the largest engineering talent training system in the world. The guidelines for new liberal arts research and reform practice projects was released. 1011 new liberal arts projects were set up in 376 colleges and universities, and 3202 new liberal arts majors with cross integration of Arts, science, arts and engineering were added, showing a vigorous trend. 2. Strengthen the foundation and strengthen the foundation, promote scientific research, educate people, improve quality and efficiency What kind of experience is it to wear VR glasses and "visit" towering palaces, deep tombs and other archaeological sites without leaving the school? After the first immersive archaeological virtual teaching laboratory in China was built by zuyue experience school, a student of the school of cultural heritage of Northwestern University, he immediately felt that the plan on the PPT courseware and the cultural relics on the textbook were "alive". Less "water lessons" and more "golden lessons" with harvest; Fewer dry ppt teachers and more well-known professors give lectures to undergraduates; The curriculum forms are more open and diversified. Mu class and virtual simulation class enable learning to be "all the time" and "everywhere", which are the personal experience of many college students today. In recent years, the basic concept of "running China's colleges and universities well and building a world-class university, talent training is the foundation, and undergraduate education is the root" has taken root in Colleges and universities. It has become a general consensus that "students are busy, teachers are strong, the system is hard and the quality is high". The "four returns" of returning to common sense, duty, original intention and dream are being promoted, and the assembly number of building a high-level undergraduate education is being sounded. The key words appearing in the daily study and life of college students are not only "golden class", but also academy, "strong foundation class" and "through training", Seiko community "wonderful day" and Qiushi community "knowledge and practice lecture hall", which strengthen cultural infiltration and focus on emotional experience. After the implementation of general enrollment and academy style management in 2018, each academy community has become the activity space of students of Beijing University of technology and the link and platform for education outside the classroom. "When giving classes to strong foundation classes, 'lesson preparation should be deeper', because their depth of research on some topics often exceeds the expectations of teachers. It can be seen that their research on basic disciplines has a higher starting point and more motivation." Pang Jianchao, director of the recruitment office of the recruitment and Employment Office of the Central University for nationalities, commented on the students of the two strong basic classes of history and philosophy. In 2022, the number of pilot colleges and universities of the "strong foundation plan" will increase to 39, connecting the entrance selection and training of higher education, and striving to solve the bottleneck of talent shortage in basic disciplines. "Based" has also changed the evaluation of teachers. "It's a good change to judge professors even if they do well in class." Thanks to the excellent teaching strength, Lu Jinrong, a 55 year old teacher from the school of science of China Pharmaceutical University, became the first "teaching distinguished professor" in the school. Get rid of the stubborn malady of "only scores, only studies, only diplomas, only papers and only hats", stimulate the innovation vitality of scientific research workers, explore diversified promotion paths, and reform the evaluation system, so that they can better write their papers on the land of China and bear the fruits of education on campus. "Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the reform, development and changes of China's higher education have made remarkable achievements, the vitality of higher education has been continuously strengthened, the discipline, specialty and curriculum structure have been further adjusted and optimized, and the school running level and talent training quality have been continuously improved. It is changing from the traditional talent training mode to an innovative education mode." Xie Weihe, a professor at Tsinghua University, said. 3. Blood transfusion and hematopoiesis to respond to the new needs of social development "In the process of participating in the service guarantee of major tasks, I sincerely realized what it means to dedicate what I have learned to the party and the people." Xue Tong, a doctoral student of the digital performance and simulation Youth Innovation Team of Beijing University of technology, participated in a series of major activities such as the general assembly and mass parade to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of the people's Republic of China. Together with the team's teachers and students, he jointly developed large-scale activity simulation software and system with independent intellectual property rights, and used the "strongest brain" to create the "backing" of intelligent technology for the celebration activities. Promote the joint construction of the "the Belt and Road", and achieve full coverage of the official languages of the "the Belt and Road" countries with 94 foreign languages and non common languages; Opening up to the outside world at a high level of service, and the disciplines of international economic and trade rules, international organizations and global governance, international news and communication have been established one after another; Helping the construction of modern economic system and the development of modern service industry, Internet finance, digital economy, elderly care service management and other majors are in the ascendant... Facing the new needs of social development and actively exploring new industries and new fields are another portrayal of the mission of "blood transfusion and hematopoiesis" of colleges and universities. "Since 2011, the Ministry of education has implemented a separate enrollment plan for doctoral and master's students in counterpart support colleges and universities. So far, 4507 doctoral and 1522 master's enrollment plans have been allocated for each support college." Wu Yan, director of the Department of higher education of the Ministry of education, said that with talents, a large number of majors in urgent need of economic and social development and people's livelihood, such as soil and water conservation and desertification control and border defense management, have taken root in western colleges and universities to serve local development. "China's apple planting varieties are relatively single and face the problem of homogeneous competition. After years of research, we have cultivated two new hybrid varieties with independent intellectual property rights, Ruiyang and Ruixue." Under the guidance of the agriculture and forestry poverty alleviation alliance, Northwest University of agriculture and forestry science and technology and Nankai University jointly held apple industry technology training courses to help upgrade the apple industry in Zhuanglang, Gansu Province. "Revitalizing higher education in the central and western regions is the most direct, concrete and vivid strategic practice of taking root in China to run universities. Through actively adjusting and optimizing the strategic layout of regional higher education, accelerating the improvement of the development mechanism of higher education in the central and western regions, and increasing policy support for the development of higher education in the central and western regions, the school running level, talent training quality, scientific research and innovation level and social service ability of higher education in the central and western regions have been continuously improved, and the teachers, students and The people have a growing sense of gain. " Wu Yan said. (outlook new era)
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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