Talk about the "sense of crisis" in the physical examination report
2022-05-19
The annual physical examination season is coming. The tension when opening the physical examination report is comparable to checking the results of the college entrance examination. "Thyroid nodules", "liver cysts"... Will these diseases become cancerous? A small physical examination report often brings you a lot of "sense of crisis". In fact, many diseases do not need treatment at all, but the name sounds scary. Have to cure? That's spending money! 95% of thyroid nodules are benign Thyroid nodules are frequent visitors in physical examination reports. Many people are very nervous when they are found to have "thyroid nodules" in physical examination. They think they need to be treated immediately and are very worried about becoming "thyroid cancer"! In fact, there is no need to worry about "thyroid nodules" less than 1 cm and no need for further examination. 95% of thyroid nodules are benign and will not become "thyroid cancer". According to Li Zhihui, director of thyroid surgery of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, even thyroid cancer, most of them are very "gentle" and grow very slowly. They can hide in the human body for several or ten years, and are relatively stable and obedient. Even some patients in the low-risk group can be observed for a long time without surgery. Cervical erosion: it's just a scary name Blame this medical word for being too scary. The word "erosion" always gives people a bad Association and is easy to be associated with cervical cancer. In fact, this is just a big mistake in the history of medicine. In fact, "erosion" is only a description of the condition of the cervix, but in essence it is only a chronic inflammation, which is very common. Now the name "cervical erosion" has been officially cancelled and changed to "ectopic columnar epithelium of the cervix". During a woman's lifetime, the two epithelial coverage areas will change dynamically with the change of estrogen level. According to Li Qiao of the health management center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, "cervical erosion" is mostly a normal physiological phenomenon, which needs to be further judged in combination with the cervical cytology results. If the cytology and HPV test results are normal, there is no need for special treatment. If you have the symptoms of leucorrhea and backache, you only need local medication for symptomatic treatment. If you don't even have symptoms, even moderate or even severe erosion, you don't need treatment at all. Check again after a period of time, and the erosion may have alleviated by itself. Fibroma of uterus According to statistics, about 20% of women over the age of 30 have hysteromyoma, that is, one in five women is recruited. The word "hysteromyoma" is too easy to associate with cancer! In fact, this "tumor" is not another "tumor". The "tumor" of hysteromyoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor of the uterus, almost all of which are benign. As for the treatment of hysteromyoma, that is, whether surgery is needed or not, because it has no drug treatment. Almost all saying that hysteromyoma is controlled by taking medicine is deceptive. Some myomas do not have surgical indications, that is, they do not need surgery and can be observed regularly. According to Wang Wei, chief gynecologist of Chengdu women's and children's Central Hospital, uterine leiomyoma less than 5cm is generally safe. If it is near menopause, the leiomyoma is small, asymptomatic, pregnant and the leiomyoma does not have red degeneration, you can observe and wait, and recheck every 3-6 months. However, when patients with hysteromyoma are preparing for pregnancy, if the diameter of hysteromyoma is ≥ 4 cm, it is best to remove it in time. Liver calcification generally does not need treatment Intrahepatic calcification has a high detection rate in patients with liver disease. It is not an independent disease in itself. It may be related to congenital development, calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorder and other factors. It may also be tissue fibrosis, scar formation and calcium salt deposition in the process of liver wound healing. According to Dr. Liu Chang, liver surgery department of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, liver calcification is generally not serious. It is a scar left when the liver tissue is repaired by inflammation or damage. It will not subside by itself and rarely continue to develop. Generally, it has no symptoms, will not have a significant adverse impact on the body, will not affect liver function or cause hepatic duct blockage, so it does not need treatment. The severity of liver calcifications mainly depends on the number and size of calcifications. Generally, there is no major problem when there are independent single calcifications or the number is no more than three and the volume is no more than 1.0 cm. However, some calcifications are close to the intrahepatic bile duct, which is easy to be confused with intrahepatic bile duct stones during ultrasonography, so it is necessary to further distinguish them by CT or MRCP. Bone spur is the self-protection of human body Most people often associate it with "bone fracture" and worry about whether it is the small "bone spur" caused by "bone fracture"? In fact, everyone was completely deceived by the name of "bone spur". Bone spur is actually hyperosteogeny, a self-protection response of the human body, and it also belongs to senile degenerative changes. Bone spurs grow in various places, such as cervical spine, lumbar spine or knee joint. If only the bone spur found in the physical examination, there are no discomfort symptoms in life, no pain or discomfort, there is no need to be nervous. In most cases, there is no need for special treatment. However, in a few cases, the proliferative part compresses the nerves or blood vessels and causes clinical symptoms, because bone spurs cause osteoarthritis, joint swelling and lower limb weakness. Sometimes patients will also have symptoms of numbness and low back and leg pain, which requires timely treatment. Normal physiological phenomenon of mammary gland hyperplasia After a physical examination, 8 of 10 women had the problem of "breast hyperplasia". "Can breast hyperplasia turn cancer into breast cancer?" "What medicine can you take to cure hyperplasia"? The answer to these questions is often: no treatment. According to Dr. Chen Jie, breast surgery department of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, breast hyperplasia will not increase the incidence rate of breast cancer, nor will it lead to breast cancer. Breast hyperplasia is common in women in their 20s who have not given birth and women before and after menopause. In these two periods, due to the changes of hormones in the body, women will have pain in the breast, sometimes feel some lumps, and sometimes the breast will become larger. In fact, these are normal physiological processes. As long as we keep a good attitude every day, eat less foods with high hormones and exercise properly, we can effectively alleviate breast hyperplasia. Pelvic effusion less than 3cm need not be treated "Pelvic effusion" sounds very terrible. In fact, the pelvic cavity and abdominal cavity of the human body are not all solid tissues. The peritoneum, omentum and intestines will secrete some liquids, which usually lubricate and protect the organs and tissues of the pelvic cavity and abdominal cavity. Zhang Yi, director of Gynecology of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, said that almost every woman has varying degrees of pelvic effusion, and generally women are less than 3cm. Below 3cm can be regarded as the normal range. If there are no other uncomfortable symptoms, there is no need for treatment. If it is ovulation, menstruation or just at the end of menstruation, the effusion may increase slightly, but if there is no other abnormality, even if it is slightly more than 3cm, there is no need to make a fuss. Simple hepatic cyst less than 5cm should not be treated Many people find out the "liver cyst" in the physical examination and think they are as desperate as having liver cancer. In fact, it is unnecessary. Most liver cysts are congenital, that is, "brought from the womb", and grow very, very slowly. Most people have no obvious symptoms. If it is not found by chance during the physical examination, some people will not even find it for a lifetime. According to Peng Wei, doctor of hepatobiliary surgery of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, most of them don't have to worry about finding liver cysts in physical examination. The vast majority of liver cysts do not require drug or surgical treatment, but only regular follow-up observation. Only a small number of people need surgery, including: cyst diameter gt; 8.0 cm with clinical symptoms; Cyst complicated with hemorrhage and infection; Cysts could not be differentiated from hepatobiliary adenomas; Polycystic liver disease leads to portal hypertension and functional damage. Premature heart beats are asymptomatic and need no treatment When the heart beats normally, if it beats in advance, it is like playing dance music with a disordered rhythm. This situation is called "premature heart beat". Many people think that finding out "premature heart beat" is often associated with heart disease. In fact, premature heart beat itself is not a disease, but mostly the accompanying symptoms of other heart problems. According to Liu Jianxiong, chief physician of cardiovascular medicine of Chengdu Second People's Hospital, premature beats are generally benign. Most premature beats will not cause heart disease. There is occasional panic or heart "click", so don't be too nervous. But if you often have similar discomfort, it's better to go to the cardiology department of the hospital to consult the doctor as soon as possible. To sum up, the above diseases do not need to be handled in most cases. Just do a good job in the annual physical examination and monitor the physical changes. (Xinhua News Agency)
Edit：Huang Huiqun Responsible editor：Huang Tianxin
Source：Wuhan Evening News
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