"Suitable" majors accurately match "suitable" students
2022-05-10
In May, the topic of college entrance examination gradually heated up, and the discussion heat of "strong foundation plan" remained high. The selection and training plan aimed at solving the shortage of leading talents in basic disciplines is in its third year this year, and the enrollment policy and social cognition are constantly adjusted and adjusted. What are the changes in the enrollment policy of the "strong foundation plan" of colleges and universities in 2022? What are the characteristics of the students in the strong basic class who ushered in the first assessment diversion? What is the trend behind these changes and phenomena? The reporter visited relevant experts. 1. Professional change: tighten while expanding, and match more accurately In 2022, Hunan University, Northeast University and Northwest University of agriculture and forestry science and technology were added to the pilot institutions of the "strong foundation plan", and the total number increased to 39, which means that all the colleges and universities of the original "985 plan" have entered the plan, which also makes candidates and parents curious about which schools the "strong foundation plan" will be extended to in the future. "The 'biological breeding' major of Northwest University of agriculture and forestry science and technology selects and trains top-notch innovative talents committed to the scientific and technological development of the national seed industry and the safety of seed sources in the future, and transports reserve talents for major strategic fields of the country." Li Jingxing, director of the Admissions Office of Northwest University of agriculture and forestry science and technology, introduced that the students of the "strong foundation program" of the university are trained according to the "3 + n" master degree and doctoral degree, arranged in separate classes, and implemented the whole process training of scientific research quality and innovation ability by relying on major scientific research practice platforms such as the National Key Laboratory, the future agricultural research institute and the Institute of modern industry. The school will be equipped with first-class teachers such as academicians and outstanding professors to provide students with personalized chemical industry guidance and academic guidance, and the whole process will be supported by special funds for independent scientific research and training and other award programs. With the increase of colleges and universities and the increase of enrollment in some provinces, another level of change also deserves attention - the expansion of enrollment majors. At the beginning of the implementation, the "strong foundation plan" focused on basic disciplines such as mathematics, chemistry, biology, literature, history and philosophy. This year, some high-precision ace majors also appeared on the stage. For example, Beijing University of technology has added a new major in intelligent unmanned system technology, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics has added a new major in aircraft power engineering, Northwest University of technology has added a new major in aerospace, and the only major in Northeast University for the first time is automation The newly added high-precision and top-notch majors mainly focus on the major strategic deployment of the country and focus on the major needs of national development. This does not mean that the requirements for basic disciplines are relaxed, but strengthened. Wang Haoyu, director of the Admissions Office of Beijing University of technology, said: "the major of intelligent unmanned system technology focuses on the major national strategic deployment, focuses on the major needs of intelligent unmanned systems, and trains leading talents in the field of intelligent unmanned systems. This year's shortlisting method of Beijing University of Technology pays more attention to the basis of mathematics. The shortlisted score = the score of culture course in the college entrance examination (excluding policy bonus) + the score of mathematics in the college entrance examination × 0.2。 For the first category of candidates (i.e. candidates with excellent scores in the college entrance examination), the number of enrollment plans by province and specialty shall be 4 times, and the shortlisted schools shall be selected for assessment according to the shortlisted points. For the second category of candidates (i.e. candidates with outstanding talents and performance in relevant disciplines), they can be shortlisted for school assessment. " On the one hand, it is expansion. On the other hand, some policy fine adjustments in Colleges and universities also show signs of "tightening". Nanjing University, Fudan University and Shanghai Jiaotong University will advance the school test time to the time before the college entrance examination score. After the college entrance examination, the school test will be conducted. After the college entrance examination score comes out, students will be admitted directly according to the comprehensive score of the college entrance examination score and the school test. Renmin University of China also added a link for candidates to confirm and sign a letter of commitment before the release of the college entrance examination results. This undoubtedly makes some students who want to make a decision according to the college entrance examination scores have no room for "making other plans". In addition, some colleges and universities set up school test qualification lines, and those who fail will be eliminated. For example, although the results of physical test are not calculated, some colleges and universities stipulate that if they fail the physical test, they will not be allowed to participate in the subsequent written interview. Meanwhile, Shandong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Tongji University and other universities will reduce the proportion of finalists. 2. Examinee Psychology: fewer and fewer people pursue "double insurance" The "strong foundation plan" of philosophy and history of Central University for Nationalities in 2022 plans to recruit 30 students, and the number of applicants in 2021 is 1691. It is expected that the number of applicants in 2022 will eventually be the same or slightly lower than that in 2021 (the registration has not been completed by the deadline). Pang Jianchao, director of the Admissions Office of the recruitment and Employment Office of the Central University for nationalities, said: "while the enrollment of the strong foundation program is hot, candidates and parents are also becoming more rational. Candidates interested in basic subjects pay more and more attention to the strong foundation program." The "strong foundation plan" was originally intended to cultivate talents in basic disciplines, but the reporter learned in the interview that at the beginning of enrollment in 2020, some candidates did sign up for "double insurance" in order to enter famous schools. As a result, the score after the college entrance examination was high enough to enter the target school without passing the "strong foundation plan", so they gave up the in-school test of the plan. "From the enrollment situation in 2021, it is understandable that some candidates changed their minds after the college entrance examination." Pang Jianchao said, "The 'strong foundation program' is a new thing. Its concept and enrollment and training policies are in line with the national strategic needs and the growth law of talents in basic disciplines, but the practical operation process is still running in, and various registration parameters have not formed a law, so candidates are inevitably uncertain, and the school can not make too much commitment. In the confirmation link, the school initially screened out the firm 'fans' of the' strong foundation program ', which ensures the accuracy of subsequent calibration and admission to a certain extent, We should be open to this. " In fact, in 2021, the enrollment plan of the "strong foundation plan" of the Central University for nationalities was successfully completed, and the enrollment score was close to the admission score of general majors in the corresponding provinces. "Considering the advantages of professional calibration and testing components in the admission process and the learning motivation of strong base candidates, it can be determined that the quality of students meets the requirements of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude." Pang Jianchao said. According to the enrollment situation of students, the "strong foundation plan" has indeed selected suitable students. Pang Jianchao said: "by comparing the strong foundation class with the ordinary students, we can find that the significance of the strong foundation program in recruiting and cultivating students in the field of basic disciplines has been reflected, and we have indeed recruited researchers who are willing to work for basic disciplines for a long time, pay for them for a long time, and have enthusiasm and ability." "We learned from the communication with the teachers that the class preparation for the students in Qiangji class must be deeper. Their depth of research on some topics often exceeds the expectations of the teachers, which is more suitable for guidance and training through PBL (project-based learning) teaching mode. From this point of view, the students in Qiangji class do have a higher starting point and more motivation in the research of basic disciplines." Pang Jianchao said. 3. Strong medium culture: the first assessment of diversion is worthy of attention This year, the "strong foundation plan" will usher in key nodes such as the first strong foundation class student assessment diversion and the beginning of the connection between undergraduate and master. "This year's first strong foundation class will usher in the first assessment period, and the dynamic access mechanism will play a role. Some students may not be objectively suitable for the cultivation of the strong foundation plan and will be shunted out, or some students may be subjectively unwilling to accept the cultivation of the strong foundation model and want to be actively shunted out. Such assessment will still exist in the master's and doctoral stages." Pang Jianchao said. "Qiangji plan" cannot change majors after admission, which does not mean that there is no access mechanism. It is unrealistic to "sit back and relax" through the "Qiangji plan" until reading a doctoral degree. While formulating training programs, colleges and universities have also established a scientific and multi-stage dynamic access mechanism to strengthen quality assurance. In the interview, the reporter learned that some examinees and parents misunderstood the "strong foundation plan" and thought that it was an unpopular major under the plan. So, are basic disciplines really popular? Is it true that the employment prospect is not optimistic? Li Jingxing said: "cold and hot are not immutable. They will change with the development of economy and society and the examinee's understanding of specialty. For examinees, they should understand the national strategy, the demand of economy and Society for talents and the enrollment and training orientation of the 'strong foundation plan', fully understand and analyze themselves, and make judgments and choices in combination with their interests, hobbies, personality and future career planning." Small classes, individualization, elitism, internationalization, famous tutors, project system, continuous study of master's degree, master's degree and doctoral degree, special fund support... From the perspective of the training programs of colleges and universities, strong basic classes generally enjoy better teacher ratio, more scientific research and practice funds and more diversified international exchanges. Pang Jianchao said: "the development of basic disciplines needs talents with different roles. They need not only academic experts, scholars and researchers, but also managers who understand basic disciplines and can do top-level design well. Therefore, in a broad sense, the graduates trained by the 'strong foundation program' should be diversified, which can not only undertake the task of basic discipline research, but also contribute to the development of basic disciplines in some non research positions." What aspects should we pay attention to in the training of students majoring in "strong foundation program" in the future? "In the basic field of natural science, we should pay attention to the research of advanced and sophisticated technology, and the training of senior talents in the basic field of literature, history and philosophy should be targeted first." Pang Jianchao said, "goal first means to determine the talent training objectives as soon as possible and correspond to the scientific research projects actually needed by the country, so as to dispel the doubts of strong base talents about the way to go." (outlook new era)
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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