The first overhaul of vocational education law realizes the change of vocational education from level to type
2022-05-05
The revised vocational education law makes it clear that the state should establish and improve a modern vocational education system that meets the needs of economic and social development, deeply integrates industry and education, pays equal attention to vocational school education and vocational training, integrates vocational education with general education, effectively connects vocational education at different levels, and serves the lifelong learning of the whole people. Since May 1, the newly revised vocational education law has been officially implemented, which is the first major overhaul of the law since it was promulgated and implemented in 1996. The new law makes it clear for the first time in legal form that "vocational education is an education type with the same important status as general education", and truly realizes the transformation of vocational education from "level" to "type" by promoting top-level design such as general vocational accommodation. Song Fang, deputy director of the administrative law office of the law working committee of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, summarized the idea and main line of the revision of the vocational education law with "one integration, three links and two improvements": "one integration" refers to integration, that is, promoting the integration of industry and education, school enterprise cooperation, and giving full play to the important role of enterprises in running schools; "Three links" refers to the integration, connection and unimpeded, that is, to promote the mutual integration of vocational education and general education, the effective connection of vocational education at different levels, and the smooth channels of enrollment and further education and employment; "Two improvements" refers to improving the quality of vocational education and social recognition of vocational education. "It plays an important role in promoting the high-quality development of vocational education, improving the training quality of technical and skilled talents and promoting economic and social development." Lin Yu, deputy director of the Department of vocational education and adult education of the Ministry of education, said. Build an "Overpass" with mutual accommodation For a long time, the society has a general understanding of Vocational Education - vocational education is a kind of low-level education, and the rising channel of students is not smooth and wide. Song Fang introduced that the revised vocational education law has made targeted provisions on this, making it clear that the state should establish and improve a modern vocational education system that meets the needs of economic and social development, integrates industry and education in depth, pays equal attention to vocational school education and vocational training, integrates vocational education with general education, effectively connects vocational education at different levels, and serves the lifelong learning of the whole people. In terms of mutual integration of vocational education and general education, the law stipulates that the State shall establish and improve the certification, accumulation and conversion mechanism of credits, qualifications and other learning achievements of education and vocational training in schools at all levels and types, promote the construction of national credit bank for vocational education, and promote the integration and mutual recognition of learning achievements of vocational education and general education. The law also encourages and supports ordinary primary and secondary schools and ordinary colleges and universities to increase the teaching contents related to vocational education, carry out vocational enlightenment, vocational cognition and vocational experience, and carry out vocational planning guidance and labor education according to the actual needs. In terms of internal accommodation of vocational education, the law stipulates that learning achievements such as vocational skill level certificates and training certificates obtained from vocational training can be converted into corresponding academic education credits after being recognized by vocational schools; Those who meet the academic requirements of corresponding vocational schools can also obtain corresponding academic certificates. Secondary vocational schools, including technical schools; According to the regulations of the establishment system of higher vocational schools, qualified technician colleges will be included in the sequence of higher vocational schools. The education administrative departments at or above the provincial level shall, in conjunction with relevant departments, establish a unified enrollment platform for vocational education, summarize and publish the information of schools implementing vocational education and their specialty settings, enrollment and other information, and provide services such as inquiry and application. In addition, the effective connection of different levels of vocational education has also attracted much attention. Song Fang said that the law specifies that vocational school education is divided into secondary vocational school education and higher vocational school education; Make it clear that secondary vocational schools can, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, recruit and train students in relevant majors through education in higher vocational schools; It is also clear that those who receive higher vocational school education and whose academic level reaches the degree standard stipulated by the state can apply for the corresponding degree according to law. Vocational education has a high degree Lin Yu pointed out that a special type of education will naturally have an independent and complete school system and training level. "Vocational education has high academic qualifications as well". Lin Yu said that the Ministry of education will integrate the design of vocational education talent training system. Implement the professional catalogue of vocational education designed by integration, and promote the connection of professional setting, training objectives, curriculum system and training scheme of vocational education at all levels. In terms of further education, we will study and establish an examination and enrollment system in line with the characteristics of vocational education. Lin Yu said that all along, there has been a high voice for the establishment of the vocational education college entrance examination system. This revision of the vocational education law has further clarified this point, "we will speed up the implementation". At present, the classified examination enrollment of higher vocational colleges has become the main channel of Higher Vocational enrollment, and many places have organized the spring college entrance examination. Next, we will accelerate the establishment of the "vocational education college entrance examination" system, strengthen provincial overall planning, ensure fairness and justice, improve the "cultural quality + vocational skills" examination and enrollment methods, support higher vocational schools and ordinary colleges and universities implementing vocational education to recruit more vocational school graduates according to the principle of roughly matching majors, establish channels suitable for vocational college students to enter higher education, and promote the effective connection of vocational education at different levels. Lin Yu said that next, the Ministry of education will steadily improve the scale and training ability of undergraduate Vocational Education: "during the 14th Five Year Plan period, set up a number of vocational undergraduate schools to meet the needs of industrial development; Encourage application-oriented undergraduate schools to carry out vocational undergraduate education according to the professional catalogue of vocational education; Research and implement the specialty of cultivating high-end technical and skilled talents in higher vocational colleges, which meets the conditions of deep integration of industry and education, distinctive school running characteristics and higher training quality, implement the method of undergraduate level vocational education, and expand the capacity of high-level vocational education on the basis of improving the quality. In the professional fields with long training cycle and high skill requirements, the Ministry of education supports the integrated design of training programs for secondary and higher vocational education, and implements the long-term education system through "3 + 2" and "five-year consistent system"; Cooperation between education and industry, cooperation between schools and enterprises, and through a variety of educational system combinations such as secondary vocational school, college-based school and secondary vocational school-based school, explore the apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics as an industrial enterprise to train field engineers at the grass-roots level to solve practical engineering and technical problems. Open up the application channel for graduates of Vocational Colleges To improve the social recognition of vocational education, the export of vocational school students is also very important. Wang Xiaojun, deputy director of the vocational capacity-building Department of the Ministry of human resources and social security, said that the "overall plan for deepening the reform of education evaluation in the new era" previously issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council has clearly put forward that graduates of vocational schools should be treated equally with graduates of ordinary schools in terms of settlement, employment, participation in recruitment of organs and institutions, professional title evaluation and promotion. "We will strengthen guidance to local public employment service institutions, strictly implement relevant regulations, strengthen the management of employers in recruitment activities, ensure that the published recruitment information does not contain discriminatory conditions, and ensure that vocational college students enjoy fair employment opportunities and equal rights." Wang Xiaojun said. At the same time, for qualified vocational college graduates, we will implement employment support policies such as social security subsidies, training subsidies and job search and entrepreneurship subsidies in accordance with the regulations, so as to better promote their employment and entrepreneurship. In terms of public recruitment of public institutions, in 2021, the Ministry of human resources and social security issued the notice on issues related to graduates of Vocational Colleges participating in public recruitment of public institutions (human resources and social security department [2021] No. 82), requiring public institutions to establish a correct concept of personnel selection and employment, strive to break the employment orientation of only famous schools and only academic qualifications in the society, open up the channel for graduates of vocational colleges to participate in public recruitment of public institutions, and effectively maintain Protect the legitimate rights and interests of graduates of Vocational Colleges and institutions to participate in public recruitment and equal opportunities for competition. Wang Xiaojun said that the circular adheres to the problem orientation and goal orientation, and puts forward five highly targeted policies and measures, which can be summarized as "three similarities and two inclinations": graduates of vocational colleges are treated equally with graduates of ordinary colleges and universities in terms of graduation institutions, majors and academic qualifications; We will give preferential support to highly skilled talents who participate in the open recruitment of public institutions and urgently needed skilled talents who devote themselves to the cause of Rural Revitalization. The notice also makes it clear that public institutions can appropriately reduce the educational requirements or no longer set educational requirements for posts with vocational skill level requirements in public recruitment. Zhang Qihong, Party Secretary of Beijing Vocational College of Electronic Science and technology, told the science and Technology Daily that, in fact, the improvement of social recognition of vocational education has an immediate positive impact on vocational colleges. In 2022, the number of consultants for independent enrollment of the school greatly exceeded that in previous years, and the number of applicants greatly exceeded the enrollment plan. This is a major change that has not been seen for many years, and it is also a real reform dividend brought by the national promotion of the status of Vocational Education to vocational colleges. "The revision of the vocational education law has lit a 'guiding light' for the national vocational education front and taken a 'reassurance'." Zhang Qihong said. (outlook new era)
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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