Where is the "new" of the new vocational education law revised for the first time after 26 years
2022-04-28
The new vocational education law (hereinafter referred to as the "new law") will be implemented from May 1, which is a topic of great concern in the field of Education recently. The vocational education law was revised for the first time after 26 years. What new contents have attracted so much public attention? On April 27, the Ministry of Education held a press conference to introduce the relevant situation in detail. New connotation: more scientific expression, reflecting the concept of high-quality and balanced development of all kinds of education at all levels There are many new expressions in the new law. The most discussed by the public is to change the reference of "general vocational diversion" in the old version to "promote the coordinated development of vocational education and general education according to local conditions in different stages after the stage of compulsory education". Some media and the public interpreted it as canceling the "Vocational and general diversion" after graduating from junior high school, and the topic once rushed to hot search. "This is actually a misreading." Chen Ziji, director of the Department of vocational education and adult education of the Ministry of education, said, "the new expression is a more scientific and standardized expression for the development of general vocational classification after compulsory education. It embodies the concept of high-quality and balanced development of all kinds of education at all levels, and also provides a legal basis for the diversified development of high-quality education in China." Chen Ziji said: "Adjusting measures to local conditions" means that there should be differences in the proportion of general vocational education in different regions within a certain range. All regions can reasonably plan the enrollment scale of vocational schools and ordinary schools according to the degree of regional social development, the needs of local industrial development and the construction of modern vocational education system. Coordinated development refers to that vocational education is as important as ordinary education. There is no difference between the high and low of these two types of education, but only the school running mode Differences in integration and education methods. The implementation of "coordinated development of general vocational education" after compulsory education is definitely not to abolish secondary vocational education, but to change the idea of developing secondary vocational education and realize the basic transformation of secondary vocational education. The focus is to improve the quality of secondary vocational education and broaden the channels for the growth and success of secondary vocational education students. " Another noteworthy expression change is that the purpose of Vocational Education in the original vocational education law is expressed as "cultivating technical and skilled talents", and the new version is expressed as "cultivating high-quality technical and skilled talents". This major breakthrough in the concept clearly conveys the meaning of "equal importance" to the society. Deng Chuanhuai, director of the Department of policies and regulations of the Ministry of education, said: "The positioning of vocational education and general education as two different types of education is the basis for the construction of the legal system of vocational education. The new law stipulates that vocational education is an education type with the same important status as general education; stipulates that the state plans to promote the coordinated development of vocational education and general education; stipulates that vocational education is to cultivate high-quality technical and skilled talents; and stipulates that students in vocational schools should study, obtain employment, career development and so on Equal opportunities with ordinary school students at the same level. " New space: the "Overpass" between vocational education and general education has a legal basis An important reason why the public is concerned about the "diversion of Vocational and general education" is that the rising channel of students in secondary vocational education is not smooth. At the same time, the rising channel of higher vocational students is also very limited. Vocational education circles have been calling for many years to open up the rising channel and truly build an "Overpass" between vocational education and general education. "The new law has made provisions on improving the recognition and attraction, and enhancing the social fit and adaptability. The new law requires that secondary vocational education be regarded as the basic education of the applied talent training system, pay attention to the supply of students with a solid foundation of technical skills and qualified culture for Higher Vocational Education, highlight the educational function of secondary vocational education, improve the recognition, and make vocational education truly capable of employment and advantageous in further education Develop education types with channels. " Said Chen Ziji. Chen Ziji said: "the new law stipulates that the relevant majors in secondary vocational schools shall recruit and train students in connection with the education of higher vocational schools; higher vocational schools and ordinary colleges and universities implementing vocational education shall determine the corresponding proportion in the enrollment plan or adopt the method of separate examination to specially recruit graduates from vocational schools." This means that there is a channel between secondary vocational students and "undergraduate". Secondary vocational school is no longer a low-level "part-time education" and has really become the cradle of "providing students with different talents with a variety of possibilities". Promoting vocational undergraduate education is one of the priorities of the Ministry of education in 2022. The opinions on promoting the high-quality development of modern vocational education in 2021 requires that "the enrollment scale of vocational undergraduate education shall not be less than 10% of that of Higher Vocational Education" by 2025. "In addition to setting up vocational schools at the undergraduate level, the new law also reserves space for exploration in two aspects: one is to set up the undergraduate vocational education major in ordinary colleges and universities, and the other is to set up the undergraduate vocational education major in vocational schools at the junior college level. All these fully show that students in vocational schools can not only study in junior colleges, but also go to undergraduate courses, which unblocks the development channel of vocational school students from the legal level and gives students in secondary vocational schools a chance to learn A gap has been opened for students to go to college, which will greatly enhance students' enthusiasm to go to secondary vocational schools. " Said Chen Ziji. New forms of legal guarantee for the development of Vocational Education "As the reform of vocational education has entered the critical period and deep-water area, some hard bones affecting career development can not be bypassed. This revision directly faces the stubborn malady of the reform and development of vocational education, fixes the solution in the form of law, and provides legal support and institutional guarantee for further deepening the reform." Said Chen Ziji. One of the so-called hard bones of Chen Ziji is the management system. Previously, the education administrative department managed vocational schools, the human resources and social security department managed vocational training, and it was difficult to promote the implementation of many tasks to coordinate local governments and enterprises. The new law stipulates that the State Council shall establish a coordination mechanism for vocational education to coordinate the work of vocational education throughout the country. Some industry experts believe that the new law solves the biggest problem. In addition to the management system, another important guarantee is fund investment. According to the statistics of UNESCO, the running cost of vocational education is about three times that of general education. It is understood that the enrollment of Higher Vocational Education in China exceeds half of the whole higher education, but the direct financial investment accounts for only about 20%. The new law defines the investment mechanism of key support and local focus. "The new law stipulates that the state optimizes the expenditure structure of education funds, adapts the investment of vocational education funds to the development needs of vocational education, and encourages the raising of funds for the development of vocational education through various channels in accordance with the law; the provincial people's government formulates the standard of per student funds of vocational schools in its region, and the organizers of vocational schools allocate funds on time and in full according to the standard of per student funds, so as to continuously improve the school running conditions." Said Chen Ziji. The new law also encourages enterprises to hold vocational education. At the same time, it also requires enterprises that deeply participate in the integration of industry and education and school enterprise cooperation to be given incentives, tax incentives and other policies. The integration of industry and education and the cooperation between schools and enterprises are not only the basic mode of running vocational education, but also the key to running vocational education well. However, for a long time, the lack of integration between industry and education and the lack of deep cooperation between schools and enterprises have been both a pain point and a blocking point. "The new law uses 9 'encouragement', 23 'should' and 4 'must', which further defines many measures, so that it is not difficult and beneficial for enterprises to participate from the legal level." Said Chen Ziji. It is worth mentioning that the revised vocational education law makes it clear that enterprises can cooperate in various forms, such as jointly holding vocational education institutions with vocational schools and vocational training institutions. This means that the government supports social forces to organize vocational education. In addition, the new law also defines the obligations and responsibilities of trade unions, China Vocational Education Society and other mass organizations in the development of vocational education, including participating in the formulation of vocational education professional catalogue and relevant vocational education standards, carrying out talent demand prediction, and cultivating industry education integration service organizations matching supply and demand. Fang Naichun, Secretary of the Party group and director general of China Vocational Education Society, said: "this effectively reflects the diversified and cross-border characteristics of vocational education. I believe it will better promote the integration of resources between the government and all parties, work in the same direction and create a new situation." (outlook new era)
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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