Du Fu's influence is higher than Li Bai's? The conclusion of big data research on Tang poetry and Song Ci is subversive
2022-04-18
Analysis with big data: Bai Juyi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, has the largest number of works but ranks tenth in influence. Among the famous poems of the Song Dynasty, the most CI works are not Su Shi and Xin Qiji, but Zhou Bangyan When you analyze the poems of Tang and Song Dynasties with big data, the conclusion may be beyond your imagination - Bai Juyi, the first poet in the Tang Dynasty in terms of works, ranks outside the top ten in terms of influence; It is not Su Shi and Xin Qiji but Zhou Bangyan who collected the most CI works in the famous poems of the Song Dynasty; The comprehensive impact index shows that Du Fu is higher than Li Bai and Xin Qiji is stronger than Su Shi The above new findings are the analysis of Wang Zhaopeng, the chief expert of the major project of the National Social Science Foundation "the construction of the information platform of the Department of literature chronology in the Tang and Song Dynasties" and the chair professor of the school of literature and journalism of Sichuan University. Tang poetry is the first peak in the history of Chinese poetry. There were more than 50000 poems and more than 3000 poets in the Tang Dynasty. Both poets and poems reached an unprecedented level. There were nearly 1500 poets in the Song Dynasty, with more than 21000 poems. From the perspective of individual poets, who has the most works in Tang and Song poetry? According to wangzhaopeng's big data, Bai Juyi ranks first in the number of Tang poetry works, with nearly 3000 poems; Du Fu and Li Bai followed, both exceeding the 1000 head mark. In Song Ci poetry, Xin Qiji's works rank first, with more than 600 yuan, followed by Su Shi and Liu Chenweng. The number of Song poems is dominated by Lu You, with more than 9000, followed by Liu Kezhuang and Yang Wanli. According to the ranking of the comprehensive influence index, Du Fu was the most influential poet in the Tang Dynasty, followed by Li Bai and Wang Wei, while Bai Juyi, who ranked first in the number of works, ranked outside the top ten. Xin Qiji was the most influential poet in the Song Dynasty, and Su Shi and Zhou Bangyan ranked second and third respectively. Su Shi ranks first in the influence of Song poetry, followed by Lu you. Referring to the famous poets of Tang and Song Dynasties, people often call them "Li Du" and "Su Xin". It seems that Li is better than Du and Su is better than Xin. However, the comprehensive impact index shows that Du Fu is higher than Li Bai and Xin Qiji is stronger than Su Shi. What's more surprising is that the most popular poets are not Su and Xin, but Zhou Bangyan. Among the 100 and 300 famous poems of the Song Dynasty, Zhou Bangyan accounted for 15 and 40 respectively, with a share much higher than that of Su and Xin. Is it scientific and feasible to use objective data to measure and analyze rather subjective poetry appreciation? In an exclusive interview with the reporter of Beijing Youth Daily, Wang Zhaopeng stressed that although the data can describe and show the development face and process of literary history to a certain extent, it also has obvious limitations. Research began 30 years ago Accumulated millions of data Q: what is the original intention of the topic "Tang Song poetry world in big data"? A: I began to do quantitative analysis of Tang and Song Poetry in 1992. The original intention is that everyone has his own famous poems of Tang and Song dynasties. I want to use statistical data to analyze and measure which Tang and Song poems are regarded as famous in history. Q: how do you use big data to measure the quality of poetry in the Tang and Song Dynasties? How are these data calculated? A: at present, there is no effective data to evaluate and measure the quality of poetry works in the Tang and Song dynasties. At present, I am trying to build an evaluation index system for the quality of literary works in order to collect data. This requires a long process. In addition, the evaluation index system established by individuals needs the recognition and consensus of the academic community. Q: what is the current research status of the literary index system in the academic circles? A: literary data in the era of big data needs to establish an index system of literary history data by classification and stratification to ensure the reliability and validity of the data. However, at present, few scholars use big data to study Tang and Song poetry, and the big data of Tang and Song poetry shared by the academic community is also quite limited. From 1992 to now, although I have accumulated more than one million data related to Tang poetry and Song Ci, it is still incomplete and unbalanced. There are many time period data and few time period data; Some have more data of this kind and less data of that kind; Some poets have more data, while others have less data. We often lament that "books hate less when they are used", especially data. When analyzing Tang and Song poems in an all-round way, we often feel that the data is not enough. In my opinion, the literary evaluation index system should be established centered on works. The influence of writers is based on the influence of works. The evaluation of works can be divided into two dimensions: one is the internal literary value of relatively stable works, and the other is the external influence of dynamic works. Its literary value can be evaluated from two aspects: content and form. The influence of works is measured from three levels: creators, reviewers and ordinary readers. First, the influence on the creator, including quotation, application, imitation, adaptation and translation, reflects the exemplary and attractive nature of the work; Second, the critics' comments and scholars' research reflect the reputation and attention of the works at the level of literary criticism and academic research; The third is the circulation and awareness rate among ordinary readers. After determining the value, basic elements and structure of the works, the calculation model is constructed, and then the computer runs in the relevant resource database, corpus and network to mine and extract the relevant data, and finally calculate the score of each work. Data cannot measure artistic content And aesthetic value Q: you mentioned in the topic that according to statistics, there were only more than 5000 poems in the nearly 600 years from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the end of the Sui Dynasty, while in the Tang Dynasty, there were more than 10000 poems for the first time and more than 50000 poems directly. Tang poetry has increased more than seven times over the previous eight dynasties, and the number of poets has increased from more than 600 to more than 3000. Both poets and poems have reached an unprecedented level. Where does this data come from? Are there any important references? A: the data comes from my old friend Professor Shang Yongliang's two papers: "quantitative analysis of the distribution and development trend of poetry in the eight dynasties" and "quantitative analysis of the hierarchical distribution and generation group development of famous poets in the Tang Dynasty". Q: Bai Juyi has the largest number of poems, but his influence is beyond the top ten. How is this judged? A: it is determined by data. We used a variety of data to rank the influence of poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi's influence is greater in modern times than in ancient times. Du Fu and Li Bai are far less influential than him. Q: what is your basis for judging the quality of Tang and Song poetry through big data? A: at present, we can only use big data to measure the influence of Tang poetry and Song Poetry - including its attraction to the creation of future generations, its reputation in the critics of future generations, and its popularity among ordinary authors. At present, data can not be used to measure the artistic content and aesthetic value of Tang and Song poetry. The literary center was in the early Northern Song Dynasty Move completely to the south Q: have you encountered any academic difficulties in the study of Tang and Song poetry with big data, and how did you overcome them? A: literary research has never been aware of data. The difficulty lies not only in where to find data, but also in what kind of data to find. What kind of data is useful and effective needs both theoretical support and practical test. Theoretically, we continue to explore the Enlightenment of theories and methods from statistics, econometric informatics and econometric history; In practice, repeated experiments, failed again. The most painful thing is that when the database is built and the article is finished, I suddenly find that the data source is incomplete, so I have to supplement the data from the beginning, and the written paper is pushed down and start again. Q: what are your new findings in the specific research of big data? A: the significance of data can not only confirm the traditional conclusions, but also revise the traditional conclusions, find new problems and change the traditional cognition. For example, China's cultural geography has a famous conclusion that China's cultural center is gradually moving from the northern Central Plains to the south. The first southward movement is the Yongjia rebellion of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the second southward movement is the Anshi rebellion of the Tang Dynasty, and the third southward movement is the Jingkang rebellion of the Song Dynasty. The three wars promoted the southward movement of the cultural center. After the Jingkang rebellion, the cultural center was completely moved to the south. Our big data found that the literary center completely moved to the south in the early Northern Song Dynasty, and the number of writers in the South comprehensively surpassed that in the north, without waiting until after the Jingkang rebellion. Moreover, war is not the only factor promoting the southward movement of cultural centers. We also found that the literary center of the Song Dynasty gradually moved to the southeast coast. According to the statistics of today's Prefecture and municipal administrative divisions, Nanping, Fujian, had the largest number of authors in the Song Dynasty, ranking first and Fuzhou second, which is very surprising. Related to this, the number of scholars in the Song Dynasty was Fuzhou first and Nanping second. It can be seen that at that time, Nanping and Fuzhou had developed education, many scholars and many poetry writers. Education and literature are highly interactive. In addition, we also found that the peak of Su Dongpo's Ci creation was in Huangzhou. One third of his Ci was written during his relegation to Huangzhou, and half of his famous works were written in Huangzhou. For example, the first famous Song Ci poem "niannujiao · Chibi nostalgia" was written in Huangzhou. Huangzhou achieved the brilliance of Su Shi's Ci poems. (outlook new era)
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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