Germplasm innovation "Chinese core" soybean flower fragrance floating in the black land
2022-03-30
More than 50 years ago, a vigorous Huang Huai Hai science and technology battle made great contributions to solving China's food security problems; Nowadays, a new scientific and technological battle of "black soil granary" is going on in Baishan and Heishui in Northeast China. The scientific and technological innovation of germplasm resources is one of the key elements of this battle. Saline alkali land incarnates "rice grain River" Despite the plague of the epidemic, breeding is still the top priority in the hearts of many researchers, including Yang Fu, a researcher at the Northeast Institute of geography and agricultural ecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Northeast Institute of Geography). Last year, his team bred a new salt tolerant rice variety "Dongdao 122" based on high-energy heavy ion beam radiation mutation breeding technology, which achieved good results of 632 kg / mu in Da'an, Jilin Province. Da'an City, located in the hinterland of Songnen Plain, is one of the three soda type saline alkali lands in the world. Land salinization will lead to the deterioration of ecological environment and restrict regional food production and economic development. The harvest of the new variety is a good start for the science and technology battle of "black soil granary". Mutation breeding by high-energy heavy ion beam radiation is simply to use the self-healing ability of plant DNA, irradiate seeds with high-energy heavy ion beam and artificially "destroy" at the chromosome level. After the plant repairs the cells, some cells "repair as before" and others "make mistakes". In this way, there will be "mutation", from which researchers can find the offspring with excellent traits such as high yield, salt and alkali resistance and lodging resistance, and breed them into new varieties. "The newly bred 'Dongdao 122' is excellent in salt and alkali tolerance, lodging resistance and high yield. It also has the characteristics of high rice yield and good marketability," Yang Fu said. "Professionally, it is a late functional rice variety with fully mature ears and green plants. It shows the characteristics of very strong roots, very full grains and very small grain shrinkage rate." The reporter learned from the Northeast Geography Institute that at present, the Institute has obtained a large number of Japonica Rice Mutants through heavy ion beam radiation mutation technology, with a mutant library capacity of more than 1200, rich variation and many excellent characters. "Dongdao 122" pioneered the direct application of high-energy heavy ion mutation in Japonica Rice Breeding in Northeast China and approved japonica rice varieties, which is the first rice variety cultivated by high-energy heavy ion beam radiation technology in China; At present, three new rice varieties mutated by heavy ions, dongdao812, dongdao862 and dongdao211, have passed the preliminary examination of the variety Approval Committee. Cultivating new environment-friendly soybean varieties It is very important to protect the black land and cultivate new environmentally friendly varieties. In recent years, with the support of national and local projects such as the national key R & D plan of northeast geography, the key deployment of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the bottleneck of the application of soybean molecular design breeding technology has been broken through, and soybean varieties selected by molecular design have come out one after another. Seed industry is the foundation of ensuring national food security, and the contribution rate of improved seeds in grain production is more than 45%. China's soybean production and demand gap is huge, the degree of import dependence is high, the stable supply of soybean is facing a severe test, and the soybean breeding technology also restricts the production efficiency of soybean in China. Through more than ten years of efforts, the soybean molecular design and breeding research team of northeast Geography Institute has established a soybean molecular design and breeding platform and developed key core technologies such as soybean breeding acceleration technology and rapid genotype identification technology. Researcher Feng Xianzhong, head of the team, told reporters that after five years of joint research, they have developed "Zhongke douxin" series soybean liquid phase breeding chips I, II and III based on targeted genotype detection technology. The research team has used it to realize the rapid selection of three-level genotypes from low generation to high generation in soybean variety breeding, greatly improve the efficiency of soybean breeding, and solve the problems of long research and development cycle, high use cost and inability to be used on a large scale in actual breeding. "In the next step, we will realize the personalized and customized breeding of soybeans according to the needs of varieties such as ultra-high yield, high protein, high oil and salt tolerance, so that the seed industry will be equipped with a 'Chinese core' and the black land will have a 'bean flower fragrance'." Feng Xianzhong said. (Xinhua News Agency)
Edit：Li Ling Responsible editor：Chen Jie
Source：Science and Technology Daily
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