Let the "unique skills" of traditional Chinese medicine be passed on from generation to generation
2022-03-25
On the morning of February 16, sun Shuchun, an 83 year old inheritor of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage "bone setting of traditional Chinese medicine", was visiting the clinic at the bone injury medical center of Wangjing hospital, Chinese Academy of traditional Chinese medicine. Uncle Ma, 73, reported the good news as soon as he entered the consulting room: "Dr. Sun, I used to sit and take a bath. Your disciple treated me several times. Now I can not only stand and take a bath, but I don't worry about twisting and touching when taking a bath. I'm so happy." In 2010, "Sun Shuchun national famous and old traditional Chinese medicine expert inheritance studio" was established with the approval of the State Administration of traditional Chinese medicine, and has trained dozens of disciples so far. The inheritance of famous and old TCM academic thoughts and clinical experience is an important content of TCM inheritance. China has carried out in-depth education for traditional Chinese medicine practitioners. At present, 1482 national famous and old traditional Chinese medicine expert inheritance studios have been built. How do teachers and disciples inherit traditional Chinese medicine? Recently, the reporter walked into several national famous and old traditional Chinese medicine expert inheritance studios in Beijing to explore the way of educating people by traditional Chinese medicine teachers. Theory and practice are closely combined, and teacher education runs through To learn traditional Chinese medicine, theory is the foundation and reading classics is the foundation. According to the relevant requirements of the State Administration of traditional Chinese medicine, during the teaching period, the disciples must carefully read the classic works of traditional Chinese medicine such as the Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic, treatise on typhoid and miscellaneous diseases, synopsis of the golden chamber and so on, regularly submit their experiences and insights, and pass the graduation examination, so as to urge the disciples to study the theory of traditional Chinese medicine more systematically. At 7:20 a.m., at the digestive center of Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Li Qiangou, a famous national medical teacher and digestive disease expert in the capital, began a small class before the visit. After the lecture and seeing the patient, set aside time to answer questions for the disciples. "Why is it that you have the symptom of" orange stem "in your stomach?" Asked Wu Bing, a disciple of Li Qiangou and deputy chief physician of Beijing Traditional Chinese medicine hospital. "Some patients have gastric acid reflux to the esophagus, which is easy to stimulate the throat. The patient mentioned the symptoms of the throat. Platycodon grandiflorum is used for this symptom." Li Qiangou said that on the basis of paying attention to the main symptoms, we should also consider the whole. "There are many follow-up patients in each outpatient service. Many of the small lessons taught by the teacher are the theories and medication principles to be used in the outpatient service on that day, which are very targeted." Wu Bing told reporters. Li Qiangou said that through lectures, visits and Q & A, disciples should not only learn the treatment methods and prescriptions, but also understand the dialectical ideas and theoretical ideas behind them, so as to form the thinking of traditional Chinese medicine. In the process of leading disciples, he will ask his disciples to write weekly and monthly records, such as the experience of visiting teachers and reading classics. TCM diagnosis and treatment mainly depends on experience accumulation, and clinical practice is an essential link in teacher education. "Doctor, my ankle still hurts." In the outpatient department of bone injury medical center of Wangjing Hospital of Chinese Academy of traditional Chinese medicine, Ms. Hou, 57, told her symptoms. She also specially marked the pain on her feet. "Your pain in this part should be related to the lack of timely treatment after trauma." Jin Tian, chief physician of orthopedics and traumatology department of Xiyuan Hospital of Chinese Academy of traditional Chinese medicine, told aunt Hou. Jin Tian is one of the disciples who formally worship Professor Sun Shuchun as a teacher. He has followed sun Shuchun on a visit for more than 10 years. "It's like the 'shaking, pulling and poking' technique of the ankle. When you shake it, you have to pull and shake it. You see, if you put your thumb here, the patient will hurt, but if you press it in this position, it won't hurt. It's light and soft. The key is dexterity. It can't hurt the patient." Sun Shuchun said to his disciples while treating Ms. Hou. After treatment, Ms. Hou smiled: "this is the second time to do treatment. I feel much easier." "Light and soft, soft outside and firm inside" is the characteristic of sun Shuchun's manipulation, which emphasizes that patients will not feel obvious pain during treatment. Sun Shuchun said that bone setting in traditional Chinese medicine can improve the mobility of ankle joint and restore its function through manipulation. Sun Shuchun disciple Wen Xinzhu, chief physician of orthopaedics department of Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of traditional Chinese medicine, said: "Try to keep the patients out of the operating room more and do the surgery they should do instead of the surgery they want to do," is a phrase often said by sun. After a few years with the teacher, I feel that I am not only more skilled, but more importantly, the idea of treatment is also changing. When I see every patient, I will think about whether I can rely on non-surgical treatment of traditional Chinese medicine to reduce the pain of patients. " "I'm worried, but I can't write well." Speaking of the shortcomings of young traditional Chinese medicine, Chao Enxiang, a master of traditional Chinese medicine and chief expert of traditional Chinese Medicine Department of China Japan Friendship Hospital, sighed. Chao Lao has his own way to guide his disciples to make up for this weakness. In his inheritance studio, the disciples will first consult the patients and record the medical records in detail, and then Chao will consult and prescribe prescriptions. "When I ask the teacher for help, I will be able to improve my clinical ability." Liu Jian, chief physician of China Japan Friendship Hospital, said. Referring to the harvest of following the teacher, Liu Xuan, a doctor of Beijing Fengtai integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine hospital who visited the teacher last year, said that when he first reported the patient's symptoms to the teacher, he often grabbed his eyebrows and beard, and Chao would remind him to grasp the main symptoms. Over time, he had an experience of syndrome differentiation ideas, and he could obviously feel that he had grown up during this period of time. It is a leap from theory to practice. If we can constantly summarize from practice and refine and form systematic treatment ideas, it is another new leap. Chao Enxiang's requirements for his disciples are to read classics, be clinical, be good at thinking and understanding, worship famous teachers, do scientific research and write articles, which is also the only way for the growth of famous doctors. Liu Jian said that for young doctors, doing scientific research and writing articles is actually a process of "rumination", which will greatly improve themselves. In many inheritance studios, disciples take the initiative to summarize and sort out the teacher's theory, which has become the highlight of inheritance. Zhang Shengsheng, director of the digestion center of Beijing Traditional Chinese medicine hospital, compiled 128 lectures on Li Qiangou's apprenticeship, which has become a best-selling bibliography in the field of traditional Chinese medicine digestion; The atlas of Qinggong bone setting manipulation compiled by sun Shuchun and his disciples uses diagrams to analyze the key points of manipulation treatment, which has benefited many orthopaedic doctors a lot Pay attention to words and deeds, medical ethics and medical style, moisten things silently "I haven't had a sense of defecation for several days. My stomach is always rumbling. I can't eat or sleep..." a female patient almost cried when she told her symptoms. "Don't worry. It's important to put down your burden." Li Qiangou patted her on the shoulder. "This medicine is taken four times first. After eating it in two days, the stool is unobstructed, and then it is fried twice." With the relief of Li Lao, the patient's mood was much more stable. Medicine is benevolent skill, and doctors are benevolent. Famous traditional Chinese medicine doctors insist on going out of the general expert clinic, and the registration fee for special outpatient service is also required to be set at a low price; Go to other places to attend academic conferences, take the initiative to contact local patients, give them pulse prescriptions, and help patients save time and expenses... Speaking of these, several studio inheritance disciples sincerely admire them. Li Qiangou is 85 years old. Although he is old, he still has a clear idea when he looks ill and is very kind and patient with patients. "How about eating?" "eat slowly and eat seven minutes full at ordinary times"... In the outpatient service, Mr. Li took the trouble to ask the patients how to decoct the medicine, take it several times, what to pay attention to in diet, and relieve the anxiety of the patients. As a master of national medicine, Chao Enxiang's clinic has many foreign patients who are attracted by his name. During the consultation, Chao always asked the patients where their home was and tried to reduce the burden of transportation and accommodation for them. The number source is limited, and many patients who come all the way often can't hang up the number of the day. The 87 year old Chao took pains to ask the students to add the number as much as possible. The words and deeds of famous doctors inspire their disciples to strive to be like teachers. "When diagnosing and treating diseases, we should treat our elderly patients with the same filial piety and patience as our parents; treat patients close to our age with the same tenderness and compassion as our brothers and sisters; treat young patients with the same care and love as our children. Teacher Li Qiangou said and did the same." Zhang Shengsheng told reporters that teacher Li often said "we are not only looking at sick people, but also sick people". The digestive center of Beijing Traditional Chinese medicine hospital, with an annual outpatient volume of nearly 200000 people, is one of the departments with the best hospital service attitude, and there are few doctor-patient disputes, which is the best example of the inheritance of medical ethics. In 1962, after graduating from University, Chao Enxiang and his wife were assigned to Inner Mongolia traditional Chinese medicine hospital for 22 years. Zhang Hongchun is a disciple of Chao Lao, who is deeply influenced by his teacher. "When I first participated in Counterpart Assistance and support, as soon as I settled in the dormitory, the teacher called and encouraged me to work hard." "Chao LAOCHANG said that in addition to academic depth, accurate syndrome differentiation and exquisite diagnosis and treatment, doctors should not forget their original heart, and should be sincere to traditional Chinese medicine, academic integrity and patients." Zhang Hongchun said that he often spoke these words to his students. The inheritance of medical ethics and medical style is imperceptible, and the carefulness and intimacy of the predecessors make the younger generation warm. "The teacher is old, but often he still personally demonstrates the treatment. He always says that one more student can help more people relieve their pain, and there has never been any reservation in teaching." When sun Shuchun treated the patient, Wen Xinzhu narrowed the lens in his hand and carefully recorded every action of the teacher. "Because of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, many field teachers can not come to the scene to learn, the teacher told me to send video to the group, so that everyone can learn in this way." For decades, whether winter or summer, Li Qiangou always arrived at the clinic around 7 o'clock. Why is the small class arranged before the visit? "Now young people are under great pressure at work. If too much visiting time is taken up in class, it will affect their work. So I'll give a lecture first and let some students go back to the clinic at 8 o'clock, so as to ensure that they can study with teachers without delaying their work." It's not painting like a cat, but constantly surpassing The inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine is not to let students blindly imitate teachers and draw tigers like cats, but to constantly surpass, keep upright and innovate. "Totally like a teacher, good or bad. If you surpass the teacher and innovate on the basis of the teacher's experience, you can really carry forward traditional Chinese medicine." Zhang Hongchun said that we should make good use of modern means to enrich TCM diagnosis and treatment and benefit more patients. "Young people's brains are very flexible. Sometimes their habit of medication is also very enlightening to me. Indeed, teaching and learning grow together." According to the selection principle of the studio, most of Li Qiangou's disciples have the title of deputy chief physician or above, and have rich clinical experience. Li Qiangou said that for example, in the treatment of atrophic gastritis, traditional Chinese medicine makes good use of drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis to improve mucosal nutrition, so as to achieve the purpose of treatment. "I like to use Panax notoginseng for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. My disciple, Zhou Bin, chief physician of Guang'anmen Hospital, loves to use Salvia miltiorrhiza, and the clinical effect is good. I tried to add Salvia miltiorrhiza to the original prescription, and I also got a better effect." In sun Shuchun's mentor and apprentice wechat group, Q & A and competition are normal. "When the elder martial brothers ask questions, we discuss them together and exchange our experience and personal experience." Wen Xinzhu said that with the development of people's life
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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