Tiangong space station: opening a new era of Chinese "space settlement"
2022-03-14
From May 2022, China's space station project will enter the construction stage. The completed Chinese space station is composed of three compartments, two manned spacecraft and one cargo spacecraft, with a total mass of nearly 100 tons. It is loaded with a large number of advanced experimental devices in the fields of space life and Bioscience, material science, combustion and microgravity fluid science, basic physics and so on. In 2022, Wang Yaping, deputy to the National People's Congress and astronaut, was "forced" to ask for leave. At this time, she had been on a "business trip" in space about 390 kilometers from the ground for more than 140 days. On April 29, 2021, China's core space station was successfully launched. In the same year, China launched two manned spacecraft and two cargo spacecraft, and the launch mission in the key technology verification stage of the space station won five victories in five battles. Tiangong space station is called "space villa" by astronauts. Zhou Jianping, member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and chief designer of China's manned space engineering, said: "we have carefully designed the configuration and layout of the space station to ensure that the space station has stronger scientific and application capabilities; an external platform has been placed outside the cabin to ensure that the space station can be further expanded." Li Hong, member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and deputy general manager of China Aerospace Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., said that in 2022, China's manned space project will complete six launch missions, including the launch of Tianzhou 4 and Tianzhou 5 cargo spacecraft, Shenzhou 14 and Shenzhou 15 manned spacecraft, as well as the launch of the sky inquiry experiment module and the dreamsky experiment module, and implement in orbit rendezvous and docking Extravehicular activities and spacecraft return missions, and the space station has been fully completed. It entered the construction stage in May this year At 11:23 on April 29, 2021, the Long March 5 B remote-2 carrier rocket carrying the core module of the space station was ignited and lifted off from China's Wenchang space launch site, and the launch mission was a complete success. "The core module is the control module of the space station and the most important module." Zhou Jianping said. According to Yang Hong, chief designer of the space station mission of the Fifth Academy of China Aerospace Science and technology group, Tianhe core module is the largest spacecraft currently developed in China, which can support the long-term on orbit residence of three astronauts and carry out space science and technology experiments inside and outside the module. Zhou Jianping introduced that China's space station started late, but it has the advantage of late development technology. It can be said that the construction capacity of China's large space station is in the forefront of the world. On the one hand, the technology is new. For example, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the energy system of Tiangong space station exceeds 30% and the power supply capacity is stronger. The Tiangong space station adopts an electric propulsion system with a specific impulse five times higher than that of chemical propulsion, which can greatly reduce propellant consumption. On the other hand, the construction support is strong. The support technology of Tianhe core module is completely developed by self-reliance. The environmental control and life insurance technology has the highest degree of closure, which makes the economy of the space station more prominent. After the successful launch of the core module, China has successively launched Tianzhou 2 cargo spacecraft, Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft, Tianzhou 3 cargo spacecraft and Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft. "The Tianhe core module has been operating safely and stably for 10 months. The two crew members of Shenzhou 12 and Shenzhou 13 have successively carried out the verification tasks of key technologies of the space station." Zhou Jianping introduced at the "member channel" of the CPPCC National Committee on March 4, "up to now, the Shenzhou 13 crew has completed all planned flight missions. In more than 40 days, they will return to their earth home from the vast space, which will mark the successful conclusion of the verification stage of key technologies of China's space station." From May 2022, China's space station project will enter the construction stage. The reporter learned that the completed Chinese space station is composed of three compartments, two manned spacecraft and one cargo spacecraft, with a total mass of nearly 100 tons. It is loaded with a large number of advanced experimental devices in the fields of space life and Bioscience, material science, combustion and microgravity fluid science, basic physics and so on. The outbound task is more complex Spacewalk is one of the three key technologies of manned spaceflight. The installation, maintenance and replacement of external equipment of the space station need to be completed by astronauts out of the cabin. Compared with the 20 minute extravehicular mission of Shenzhou VII, the complexity and technical content of the extravehicular mission of the space station are greatly improved. Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo of the Shenzhou 12 crew successively carried out two extravehicular activities, which lasted for about 13 hours. They successfully completed tasks such as equipment assembly, tested the functional performance of China's new generation of extravehicular space suits, tested the cooperative working ability of astronauts and mechanical arms, and verified the reliability and safety of supporting equipment related to extravehicular activities, It has laid an important foundation for the smooth implementation of the follow-up outbound activities of the space station. The two missions carried out by the Shenzhou 13 crew not only completed the installation of the mechanical arm suspension device and adapter and the typical action test outside the cabin, but also set a record for the two astronauts: Zhai Zhigang, who left the cabin three times, became the astronaut with the largest number of times in China, and Wang Yaping became the first female astronaut in China. Next, the task of astronauts on the space station will be more complex. Zhou Jianping revealed that during the in orbit flight of Shenzhou 14 crew, the construction of Tiangong space station with Tianhe core module and Wentian and Mengtian experimental modules as the basic configuration will be completed. Their tasks include state monitoring and necessary control during rendezvous, docking and transposition of the two modules, as well as a large number of state setting and conversion after docking. By the end of this year, the Shenzhou 15 crew will fly to the space station to meet with the Shenzhou 14 crew and fly together in orbit for about a week. The main work of the subsequent Shenzhou 15 crew will turn to space science and application, including the installation and commissioning of experimental equipment and scientific experiments. Build a broad platform for Space Science Research At the two sessions in 2022, Zhao Xiaojin, member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and Secretary of the Party committee of the Fifth Academy of China Aerospace Science and technology group, put forward suggestions on making full use of space resources and strengthening the R & D and innovation of space biology. "China's space station will be fully completed this year, which can provide a long-term and stable scientific research platform for space experiments, ensure space biotechnology and safety research, and improve the national biosafety level." Zhao Xiaojin said. Since the shenzhou-1 mission, China's manned space project has carried projects with scientific research value or social benefits in all previous missions, and has played a positive role in serving and driving scientific research, agricultural development and industrial upgrading. With the goal of building a national space laboratory, Tiangong space station will focus on innovative experiments and applied research at the forefront of science, and continue to promote the progress of space science and technology. "The main purpose of building the space station is to build large-scale space facilities and carry out on orbit verification and Research on large-scale space science, space applications and space technology, so as to drive scientific progress and technological development." Zhou Jianping said. In terms of international cooperation, Tiangong space station will also build a broad platform. In May 2018, the China Manned Space Engineering Office and the United Nations Department of foreign space issued an announcement to solicit space science application projects around the China space station. After two rounds of selection, the first batch of 9 projects from 17 countries and 23 entities were selected, involving the fields of space life science and biotechnology, space astronomy, microgravity fluid and combustion. Subsequent batches of cooperation projects will also be solicited. (Xinhua News Agency)
Edit：Li Ling Responsible editor：Chen Jie
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