World obesity day: Children's obesity focuses on changing lifestyles
2022-03-10
March 4 is world obesity day. This year's publicity theme is "obesity prevention and control, you and me act together". In the minds of elders, there is always a concept that "it's better for children to be fat when they are young", but this is not the case. Under the guidance of the National Health Commission, the guidelines for the prevention and control of childhood obesity (2021) led by the school of public health of Peking University was published in 2021. According to the report on nutrition and chronic diseases of Chinese residents (2020), the overweight rate and obesity rate of children aged 6-17 in China are 11.1% and 7.9% respectively, and the overweight rate and obesity rate of children under 6 are 6.8% and 3.6% respectively. Recently, the online seminar on "child obesity prevention and control" jointly sponsored by the school of public health of Peking University, China school health, China maternal and child health research, China food and nutrition, the women and children obesity control special committee of women and children health research association and the obesity prevention and control branch of China student nutrition and health promotion association was successfully held. At the meeting, many well-known domestic experts in the field of child obesity prevention and control spoke, discussed the prevention and control of child obesity in China, and shared the latest research progress. No excessive restrictions are required Children's energy intake At the seminar, Professor Ma Guansheng made some summary suggestions on the prevention of childhood obesity, focusing on three aspects. First, the intervention of diet, controlling food is very important; Second, exercise intervention to ensure sufficient physical activity to increase energy consumption; Third, behavioral intervention. "Whether eating or moving involves the development and formation of healthy behaviors and lifestyles." Ma Guansheng said that for example, long-term intake of high-fat and high-energy food, skipping breakfast, eating fast food, drinking sugary drinks and eating out are typical unhealthy lifestyles. Professor Gao Shan, from the maternal and Child Health Research Association, mentioned in his speech that childhood diabetes is closely related to obesity. "We should not think that children who are very fat will appear. Many children who are overweight are also diabetic." She noted that in addition to the family history of diabetes in children, some unhealthy lifestyle factors are also important reasons. Due to the intake of sugary drinks and high-fat diet and unhealthy eating behavior, children will have increased blood sugar at the age of 9-10 or a little later. "The treatment of obesity in children and adolescents mainly depends on the enhancement of sports and the change of lifestyle and behavior, and the effect will be seen soon." Gao Shan mentioned that the treatment of childhood obesity does not limit energy intake. It is necessary to moderately limit energy intake on the premise of ensuring the normal growth and development of children; At the same time, we don't want overweight children to use drugs blindly. The important thing is to change their lifestyle. Choose food for children Follow the principle of small quantity and multiple varieties On the issue of healthy eating behavior, the participating experts reached a consensus. There are several recommendations: first, eat less fried food and limit the intake of sugar. Second, drink less or no sugary drinks. Pay attention to drinking enough water. Compared with sugary drinks, children are encouraged to consume 300 ml and more milk and dairy products every day. Third, three meals should be regular, regular and quantitative. Try to eat at home or school and eat less outside. Fourth, the amount of food should be controlled. Don't be hungry and full, and don't overeat. Fifth, eat snacks reasonably. It's best not to exceed 10% of the total energy of the whole day. It's best to eat between meals rather than close to dinner. You can choose dairy products, fruits and nuts as snacks. Sixth, ensure a good breakfast and a rich variety of food. There should be not only cereals and potatoes, but also fish, poultry, eggs, milk, fresh fruits and beans. Don't eat too full for dinner. In addition, researcher Zhang Qian from the Institute of nutrition and health of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention said in her speech that a lot of scientific evidence shows that the amount of food is closely related to the prevention of overweight and obesity in children. She suggested that children should choose small portions of food as much as possible, and ensure that there are many kinds of food. It is best to eat more than 12 kinds of food every day, Give children less high-energy density food, eat more vegetables and fruits, and eat whole grains, fish, animals, eggs, lean meat and dairy products in moderation. Supplementary food should be added as early as 4 months It increases the risk of baby obesity The experts also discussed the relationship between childhood obesity and mothers, emphasizing that prevention should begin early in life. The 1000 days in the early life refers to the period from the beginning of a woman's pregnancy until the baby is about 2 years old after birth. The methods of breastfeeding and supplementary feeding will have some crucial long-term effects on the baby's short-term and long-term health. Professor Wang Haijun of the school of public health of Peking University mentioned that if supplementary food is added earlier than 4 months, it will increase the risk of childhood obesity. It is recommended that supplementary food be added when the baby is 6 months old. "If the supplementary food consumed in infancy is high in energy, especially if there is a lot of protein from meat or fish, it will significantly increase children's BMI, and the impact on children's obesity will last until school age." Wang Haijun provided several suggestions for pregnant mothers. First, we should regularly monitor the weight change during pregnancy and maintain the appropriate weight gain during pregnancy according to the BMI before pregnancy; Second, a balanced diet during pregnancy, a variety of foods, no excessive diet, and control total energy intake; Third, it is suitable for physical activities during pregnancy. For healthy pregnant women, they should have no less than 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activities every day. In addition, Ma Guansheng also introduced that compared with the guidelines for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity among Chinese school-age children and adolescents released in 2008, the new guidelines released this time have six changes: 1. The revised Committee covers experts in disease control, clinical and other fields; 2. The revision process is more scientific and standardized; 3. More comprehensive population coverage; 4. Added the content of supporting environment; 5. The structural layout of the whole text has been adjusted; 6. Organize the publication of comprehensive papers. For example, the management object of the old version of the guide is limited to school-age children, while the management object of the 2021 version of the guide covers all children under the age of 18, as well as normal weight children and overweight and obese children. In addition, the new version of the guide also adds the content of supporting environment, with special emphasis on prevention and control from four aspects: family environment, school environment, community environment and social environment. (outlook new era)
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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