The 24 solar terms is a curriculum that can be "heard"
2022-03-08
The 24 solar terms, rooted in agricultural civilization, integrate the whole wisdom of ancient Chinese on astronomy, calendar, rhythm and health preservation, and also contain rich and profound philosophical, ethical and aesthetic spirit. They are known as "China's fifth invention" in the international meteorological community and have been listed in the world intangible cultural Heritage list. However, when it comes to the modern inheritance and transformation of the 24 solar terms, I think the seeds of Chinese solar term culture should be implanted in the hearts of teenagers. Reconstructing educational space-time in space-time of heaven and earth The 24 solar terms is a time system formed by the Chinese people by observing the annual movement of the sun. It is also the discovery of the universe observed by our ancestors. It is also the spiritual consciousness of the harmonious coexistence of "Heaven Earth man". In essence, the 24 solar terms provide a "natural time view" different from the modern "physical time view". Here, time becomes the endless life cycle, correlation and echo between heaven and earth. It is precisely out of the respect and awe of heaven and nature that our ancestors not only established the lifestyle of farming and reading from day to day, but also demonstrated the cultural ethics of reproduction and passing on from generation to generation with the value of farming and reading. Therefore, in ancient elementary school textbooks, the beginning is the word "heaven, earth and man", so as to give children the simplest philosophical enlightenment of life and time and space. In our opinion, what the 24 solar terms provide for modern education is actually a "timetable" of nature, which is the season and rhythm set by God for the world. Unfortunately, school education turns a blind eye to this natural season and rhythm. Our schedule has become a "Curriculum". We can't hear the wind, the rain and the birds. In such a large space, only the bell is the only signal to remind time. Implanting the seeds of the twenty-four solar terms into school education is to liberate modern education from some morbid occupation of knowledge and curriculum, fully open the "natural dimension" of education, and let the young generation move from a "materialized horizon" of cognition and monologue to a "life horizon" of understanding and dialogue. Only when time and space are opened can we talk about the opening of courses. This is related to the reconstruction of educational time and space. Chinese wisdom in daily experience The 24 solar terms are called the "existence and time" of the Chinese people. The core of Chinese wisdom is the unity of heaven and man and the boundlessness of things and me. On the one hand, it is a metaphysical survival guidance that conforms to the times. On the other hand, it is a metaphysical natural law and human law, with the philosophical wisdom of "viewing the world" and "viewing life". The 24 solar terms almost cover the core propositions of Chinese philosophy, and make these propositions become the daily life of Chinese people. The world is full of changes. The power of change comes from the rise and fall and transformation between yin and Yang, and from the mutual generation and mutual restriction between gold, wood, water, fire and earth. These Chinese wisdom do not reside in ancient books. It is written in the cycle of solar terms. Such as "the winter solstice is born with one Yang" in winter, and "all things negative Yin and embrace Yang, inflate to think of harmony" in spring. In the view of Chinese philosophy, "Qi" points to ontology, which is the existence state and mode of life, while "harmony" points to the harmonious order of life. In the solar terms, the so-called opposite and complementary is no longer rational speculation, but the natural interpretation of yin and Yang, black and white, cold and hot, profit and loss; The spirit of harmony and moderation can also obtain the demonstration from heaven and earth from the "track" of the sun and moon and the rhythm of the replacement of the four seasons. The fundamental orientation of education consistent with this philosophical spirit is "man follows the earth, earth follows the heaven, heaven follows the Tao, and Tao follows the nature". It can be said that it is the Chinese wisdom of heaven and earth, dialogue and symbiosis, and it is the essence of Chinese educational thought. Therefore, the relationship between natural solar terms and personality integrity also exists between heaven and man. A decent personality lies in spirit, persistence and moderation. As the "book of changes" said: "my Lord, he is in harmony with heaven and earth, with the sun and moon, with the four seasons, and with ghosts and gods.". The Chinese wisdom of embracing the 24 solar terms is also the understanding of personality practice. For example, in the solar terms, there are slight heatstroke, great heatstroke, slight cold, great cold and small fullness, but there is no "big fullness". Does this blank naming mean that the "great fullness" in the philosophical sense is the ideal of life? Cultivate aesthetic education feelings in project learning "Zhuangzi" said: "there is great beauty in heaven and earth without words, there are clear laws without discussion in the four seasons, and everything has reason without saying." Opening the "natural dimension" of education means that the door of aesthetic education is also open to the world. The significance of solar terms to aesthetic education lies in establishing a broad and lasting emotional connection between man and the world and finding a place for spiritual life by means of empathy, aesthetics and creation beyond utilitarianism. The connotation of the 24 solar terms involves multi-disciplinary knowledge such as astronomy, geography, farming, folk customs, rhythm, literature, philosophy, aesthetics and communication. However, the significance of solar terms to aesthetic education is not the provision of knowledge, but a way to grasp the world, a way of thinking, feeling and expression. Therefore, we must be interdisciplinary thinking, treat solar terms as a life motif of project-based learning, make looking up and looking down into the spiritual posture of modern children, and make nature and humanities compatible with children. The solar term culture under project-based learning must appeal to the school environment, activities and curriculum. For example, observe and draw flowers and plants according to the solar terms, such as planning a solar term classroom integrating music, chanting, singing, games, production and diet, such as guiding children to care about the subtle sounds of the earth and the cloud sky under different seasons, and appreciate the breath of beauty from a color, a shape, a smell and a rhythm. In this way, for children, the process of returning to the sky under the 24 solar terms is the process of fully opening their aesthetic senses, the process of heart to heart with natural things, and the process of opening the door of life from plants, animals and all sentient life. (outlook new era)
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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