Education is to see the world with naive and open eyes
2022-03-08
The beginning of "rain" and the beginning of spring. From the first second of the opening ceremony of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, there is a definition of Chinese culture. The circulation of the 24 solar terms is a Book of nature. For the children of Yucai School in Furong district, Changsha, the 24 solar terms run through the four seasons of the school. What kind of course is this? How to use solar terms to connect the teaching content with Chinese elements? How can such courses open children's senses, discover the connection of life, and take children back to the vast countryside of Chinese culture? The reporter recently interviewed Zhu aichao, principal of Yucai School in Furong district, Changsha, and listened to her talk about teachers and students feeling the beauty of the season in the solar term culture. 1. Let primary school students lay down the path of cultural foundation and natural foundation—— Through the 24 solar terms curriculum, the curriculum will be implemented according to the solar terms without breaking the existing timetable and disturbing the teaching order and teachers' arrangement Reporter: the 24 solar terms are different from other intangible cultural heritage. It has more vitality and exists in every simple day. How do you think of putting the 24 solar terms into teaching? Bring students to the wisdom of their ancestors hidden behind the solar terms? What is the process? Zhu aichao: in February 2013, I began to take the students of class 3, grade 2 to observe the plants in the peach and plum garden of Yucai School, and use the natural note method of pictures and words to observe and record nature. Weeks after weeks of observation, these plants, which have been ignored by primary school students, have a life connection with them: they will be distressed by the breaking of a twig of the plum tree, and yearn for a rain for the plants in drought. Students understand that plants need protection, which is only at the rational level. When students are distressed that plants are hurt, the feeling level starts, which is the beginning of students' unity of knowledge and practice and laying a natural foundation. Can we solve the problem of primary school students being close to culture and nature in the construction of a curriculum? In constant exploration, I focused on the 24 solar terms. The twenty-four solar terms are not only a timetable, but also a manifestation of the combination of man and nature. For example, on the day of rain, we not only know that the time is February 19, but also know that the weather is getting warmer and warmer. Wild geese fly back to the north from the south. The rain moistens all things and makes them green. Man and nature become organic organisms. I have found a way to let primary school students lay a cultural and natural foundation, that is, through the 24 solar terms curriculum, integrate various disciplines to educate people as a whole and practice education. I led the students to understand the solar terms and phenology, took notes of the natural solar terms, and added Chinese characters, poetry, old stories, traditional games and other contents related to the solar terms. In the endless 24 solar terms, students are more calm and more secure. On the basis of class practice, together with teachers of various disciplines, I began to comprehensively construct the 24 solar terms curriculum of the whole school in 2016, hoping to further improve the curriculum system. Without breaking the existing timetable and disturbing the teaching order and teachers' arrangement, the school will implement the curriculum according to the solar terms. Each solar term is about 15 days, five days is a "waiting", and each solar term has three "waiting". The implementation of the course also basically follows this rhythm, taking 5 days as the unit of class, and using 3 classes to complete the content of a solar term course. From the beginning of spring to the cold, it takes one year to complete, and integrate into the daily school life and family life of primary school students. 2. The course runs through the 24 solar terms throughout the year—— Educating people is not a point, but a river in the dimension of time, which flows quietly in the daily life of primary school students. It highlights the transformation of a way of educating people oriented by being close to the excellent Chinese traditional culture and nature Reporter: some schools also have similar courses. How to make their own characteristics and form their own system? What factors do you pay special attention to when teaching with teachers? Which courses are popular with teachers and students? Zhu aichao: the 24 solar terms are not only a timetable, but also a manifestation of the combination of man and nature. I expect the children to integrate into the rhythm of heaven and earth through the 24 solar terms and make them feel at ease. The 24 solar terms course is divided into understanding phenology, reading solar terms poetry, writing solar terms Chinese characters, telling old stories of solar terms, scientific observation of solar terms, experiencing solar terms customs, planting solar terms, making solar terms supplies, investing in solar terms exercise, absorbing solar terms psychological nutrition, participating in gas saving project-based learning, etc. thematic cross-border learning is implemented in sub solar terms, From subject teaching to interdisciplinary integration, the boundaries of disciplines begin to integrate. The curriculum runs through the 24 solar terms throughout the year, so that education is not a point, but a river in the dimension of time, which flows quietly in the daily life of primary school students. Continuous meteorological observation, solar altitude angle measurement, and observation of leaves, rain, birds, bees, silkworms and stars in combination with the characteristics of solar terms have stimulated students' desire for scientific exploration and cultivated students' habit of scientific observation. There is a BaiCaoYuan labor base in the campus of the University. According to the practical ability of students in different grades, the annual planting plan is formulated. Students realize the comprehensive construction and interdisciplinary development of the curriculum by planting crops, observing and recording the growth process of crops, and making solar terms food, drinks and daily necessities with crops. The influence of the external environment and the infiltration of the internal curriculum enable students to express their feelings of awe of nature, kindness to nature and environmental awareness of the recycling of all things in their daily life. The rich curriculum system touches all aspects of students' daily life. Schools, families and society cooperate in joint education, forming a three-dimensional and large-scale education state, highlighting the reform of education mode guided by being close to Chinese traditional culture and nature. Ancient Chinese characters are as beautiful as pictures and as rich as stories. The process of telling children a Chinese character from oracle bone inscriptions, gold inscriptions, small seal characters to regular script is to return to the original living environment of the word maker, see the world with naive and open eyes, and express the most prominent characteristics of things in the simplest way. For example, in the beginning of autumn, understand the word "Wo". The word "he" in oracle bone inscriptions looks like a stump of mature rice, with stalks, roots and leaves, and heavy ears of grain drooping downward. The word "he" in the golden inscription means that the ears hang to the left. The word "he" in Xiaozhuan changed along the shape of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and gold inscriptions, but the leaves and roots began to deform. Children feel that Chinese characters are not only abstract strokes, but also have rich connections with all things. The sixth grade children recorded the changes of willow trees. "The newly grown buds are shy and roll up the small leaves, as if covering their faces with their hands. Catkins change from a few small particles at the bottom of the leaves into many large strips, all concentrated on a small axis.". "When the catkins grow up, they become like caterpillars, fat and cute. Immediately, they can unfold their gorgeous side and turn into beautiful butterflies. A new journey is about to begin.". When facing nature, children not only see with their eyes, but also listen with their ears, smell with their nose, touch with their hands and feel with their bodies. The natural notes in the solar terms keep children's senses open. In the experience of solar terms life, solar terms custom is transformed into real life experience. At the beginning of summer, children weave egg sets and play the game of hitting eggs. The children focus on making egg sets, four layers of weaving, complex and patient. The children put eggs into egg sets and played egg bumping games in groups. They were happy and satisfied. The twenty-four solar terms tell people that the light and heat obtained in the same place in a year are different. People should plant in different solar terms according to the needs of crops for light and heat. "Before and after the Qingming Festival, plant melons and beans". The children are experiencing the fun of planting in the "herb garden". The mung bean and kidney bean seeds planted during the Qingming Festival are observed and watered by children every day. Finally, in the solar term of Gu Yu, they sprouted. The children looked at each bud with deep affection. It was so beautiful. 3. There are endless educational resources in nature, with the most vivid metaphor and enlightenment—— The beauty of education lies in "this body, here and now", which is the real life experience of every student at every moment in school Reporter: now, there are more alliance schools and more teachers and students joining in. Over the years, how do you feel about the changes in teachers and students? What is your understanding of education with the opening of courses? Zhu aichao: in the process of growing up with children and teachers, I deeply realized that education is to work with time. When we work with time, we can let our children establish a close relationship with the whole world, and we can make our hearts at ease - in a stable circular time, in the work of the four seasons, and in the endless nature. Under the guidance of the teacher of nature, we learned the philosophy of getting along with heaven and earth. Running, playing, exploring and meditating in nature can relieve children's worries and boredom accumulated in their hearts. The beauty of education lies in "this body, here and now", which is the real life experience of every child at every moment in school. The official account of solar energy WeChat was released in 2017. The twenty-four solar term curriculum was recorded in pictures and texts. The students' smile from their solar term in the picture shows us the beauty of education. Teachers' professional happiness index has been improved. In the process of curriculum development and practice, teachers have found the fun of research and gained a sense of achievement. School teachers have published four monographs related to the curriculum, such as the beauty of the season - Zhu aichao tells children about the 24 solar terms, Zhu aichao's natural notes on the 24 solar terms, etc. In the process of paying attention to the 24 solar terms, the teachers were nourished by Chinese traditional culture and nature, had eyes to appreciate the beauty of the season, and began to move slowly and calmly. When children are closely connected with nature, it is possible to save a big tree, a river, a sky, a wetland and a village. In the bleak winter of all things, they can also feel that there are countless seeds under the ground, quietly accumulating strength and preparing to start again in the next spring. I hope we have a "respectful heart" for all things in heaven and earth and get more power from the earth. (outlook new era)
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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