In 2022, there will be three new changes in vocational education
2022-02-24
On February 23, the Ministry of Education held a press conference to introduce the relevant information on promoting the high-quality development of modern vocational education. How to further deepen the reform of Vocational Education in 2022? What new changes will there be? The orientation of secondary vocational school has changed from employment oriented to paying equal attention to employment and further study "We will promote the diversified development of secondary vocational schools, change from purely employment oriented to paying equal attention to employment and further education, and pay close attention to further education in line with the characteristics of vocational education." Chen Ziji, director of the Department of vocational education and adult education of the Ministry of education, said. The construction of modern vocational education system requires secondary vocational education to play a basic role. At present, there are some problems in China's secondary vocational education, such as inappropriate school orientation, large-scale but not strong school running, large gap in school running conditions and so on. In response to these problems, the Ministry of education began to promote the adjustment of the positioning of secondary vocational education this year. "Secondary vocational education is the starting point of vocational education, not the end point." Chen Ziji said, "on the basis of ensuring the quality of students' technical skills training, strengthen basic cultural education, expand the scale of through training, and open the growth space of secondary vocational students. This is not only the requirement of the party and the government, but also the urgent expectation of the people, but also the practical need of industrial development for the high-level transfer of talents." While adjusting its positioning, the Ministry of education is also prepared to make efforts to improve the quality of secondary vocational education, optimize the layout and conduct a comprehensive verification of school running conditions. Chen Ziji said: "we will integrate empty, small, scattered and weak schools and optimize the layout and structure of secondary vocational education through cancellation, merger, transformation, trusteeship, land replacement and group school running. We will implement the project to meet the school running conditions of secondary vocational schools, comprehensively verify the basic school running conditions of secondary vocational schools, and basically meet the school teaching conditions in 2023." In addition, the Ministry of education is also preparing to implement the "plan for the construction of high-quality secondary vocational schools and majors". It is planned to focus on building about 1000 national high-quality secondary vocational schools in three to five years, build a number of brand majors, and promote the overall improvement of the quality of secondary vocational education. "Vocational education college entrance examination" will become the main channel of Higher Vocational enrollment Secondary vocational schools have changed from being purely employment oriented to paying equal attention to employment and further education. Accordingly, higher vocational enrollment will also change significantly. "By expanding the proportion of students enrolled in the 'vocational education college entrance examination' of vocational undergraduate and vocational college schools, the 'vocational education college entrance examination' will become the main channel for higher vocational education enrollment, especially for vocational undergraduate schools." Said Chen Ziji. This is one of the breakthrough measures of the Ministry of education to promote the high-quality development of modern vocational education in 2022. Since the Ministry of Education issued the guiding opinions on actively promoting the reform of higher vocational education examination and enrollment system in 2013, Shandong, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Fujian, Anhui and other places have carried out pilot projects of "vocational education college entrance examination", and achieved good results and experience. "Examination and enrollment is the bull's nose that affects the reform of vocational education. This year, we will improve the top-level design of the 'vocational education college entrance examination' on the basis of summarizing local practical experience and give better play to its role as a baton." Said Chen Ziji. Previously, secondary vocational education was employment oriented, and the entrance channel between secondary vocational education and higher vocational education was not "spacious". Higher vocational enrollment was dominated by ordinary high school graduates. There were not many enrollment places left for secondary vocational education (i.e. "vocational education college entrance examination"), but the number of applicants for "vocational education college entrance examination" has always been relatively large. Take Shandong as an example. In 2012, Shandong Province took the lead in establishing the "vocational education college entrance examination" system of "cultural quality + vocational skills". In that year, 2600 undergraduate enrollment plans were arranged, with more than 30000 applicants. In 2020, the undergraduate enrollment plan of Shandong "vocational education college entrance examination" will increase to 15000, and the number of applicants will reach 150000. "At present, the proportion of secondary vocational students in the province to pursue further education exceeds 70%, which has laid a solid foundation for the new labor force in Shandong to generally accept higher education." Deng Yunfeng, party secretary and director of Shandong Provincial Department of education, said. Further expand vocational undergraduate education "Support qualified construction units of the national" double high plan "to be independently upgraded to vocational undergraduate schools, support junior college level higher vocational schools that meet the requirements of deep integration of industry and education, distinctive school running characteristics and high training quality, upgrade some junior college majors and try to run vocational undergraduate education." Said Chen Ziji. In 2021, after the national vocational education conference, vocational undergraduate education has become the focus of the whole society. The supporting document of the conference "opinions on promoting the high-quality development of modern vocational education" makes it clear that by 2025, the scale of vocational undergraduate education will not be less than 10%. China's vocational undergraduate education has 32 colleges and universities, with 129000 students and 41000 students in 2021. "In order to ensure the development target of 10% by 2025, we need to take multiple measures and strengthen the training of talents in undergraduate vocational education." Chen Ziji said, "we should support a number of national high-quality vocational colleges and universities, upgrade them to vocational undergraduate schools according to the setting standard of undergraduate vocational schools, and steadily expand the scale of vocational undergraduate schools and vocational undergraduate education majors." In 2021, three ordinary undergraduate schools applied to set up the specialty of vocational undergraduate education. "On this basis, we will continue to encourage and support high-level application-oriented ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities to apply for the establishment of the specialty of vocational undergraduate education in accordance with the specialty setting measures, and carry out talent training in accordance with the school running law and education mode of vocational education." Said Chen Ziji. In addition, the Ministry of education will also speed up the revision of the vocational education law, provide a legal basis for the establishment of vocational undergraduate education in high-quality vocational colleges, support a number of backbone majors in high-quality vocational colleges to apply for the establishment of vocational undergraduate education, and cultivate technical talents at the undergraduate level. Since secondary vocational education has been transformed into equal emphasis on employment and higher education, vocational education college entrance examination has become the main channel of Higher Vocational enrollment, and undergraduate vocational education will further expand its scale, will there be new consideration on the diversion of junior middle school graduates from general vocational education with high social concern? Chen Ziji said: "The diversified development of high school education should be said to be the basic practice and common trend of all countries in the world, and it is also the development goal of high school education in China during the 14th Five Year Plan period. Secondary vocational education is an important part of high school education. The coordinated development of secondary vocational education and ordinary high school education can not only meet the learning needs of students with different potentials, but also provide Diversified growth space and channels. At the same time, the development of secondary vocational education has made positive contributions to expanding employment, promoting regional economic development and improving people's livelihood. Therefore, it is very necessary to adhere to the diversion of general vocational education. " "But we also see that the people's demand for high-quality and universal high school education is also increasing." Chen Ziji said, "Therefore, we will actively promote all localities to reasonably plan the enrollment scale of secondary vocational schools and ordinary high schools according to the degree of regional economic and social development, the needs of local industrial development, the improvement of the construction of modern vocational education system and other factors. Of course, the most fundamental thing is to run secondary vocational education well, improve its own quality, and work hard on general vocational integration. Next, we should improve secondary vocational schools Conditions, increase financial investment, speed up the completion of the short board of school running conditions, and unblock the channels for further education at the same time. Secondary vocational education should provide students with a variety of development paths according to the school running orientation of paying equal attention to enrollment and employment. " (outlook new era)
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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