How to build artificial intelligence discipline in world-class universities
2022-02-10
Artificial intelligence talent training is the core of reform Artificial intelligence, genetic engineering and nano science are the three cutting-edge technologies in the 21st century, which is the core of the reform of industrial revolution 4.0. Among them, AI involves a wide range of knowledge fields, including mathematical basis, technical basis, machine learning methods and problem fields in the technical system, as well as the Internet, intelligent writing, machine translation, intelligent transportation, intelligent agriculture, intelligent finance, intelligent medical treatment, robotics, auxiliary education, intelligent manufacturing, etc. It can be said that the scientific research and innovation and talent training of artificial intelligence determine the advantages and disadvantages of a country in international competition. At present, the distribution of talents in the field of artificial intelligence in the world is extremely uneven, with the United States accounting for nearly half. Although China is in the second tier, the gap is still large. Not only the scale of talent reserve is small, but also top talents are scarce. Internationally, artificial intelligence research in Britain, America and other countries has been carried out earlier and developed better. Since the 1950s, the American artificial intelligence specialty has formed an initial boundary, and there have been a number of laboratories for graduate students to participate in research; In the 1980s, the artificial intelligence postgraduate specialty was established and gradually equipped with interdisciplinary software and hardware support, which greatly promoted the cultivation, technology transformation and application of professionals. In recent years, the British government has also paid great attention to the research and application of artificial intelligence, and invested a lot of money to support the artificial intelligence industry and start-ups; Encourage universities to update knowledge, transform property rights and cultivate talents through policy tools, and plan to add 450 doctoral programs related to artificial intelligence from 2017; It also supported the establishment of the Allen Turing Institute to strengthen research in key algorithm areas. MIT MIT has profound accumulation in computer science and artificial intelligence. It has experienced more than half a century from early theory to later practice. At present, the university has not set up the major of artificial intelligence, and the talent training is mainly concentrated in Schwarzman computer college, which carries out collaborative training, research and innovation with the five colleges of computing science and Engineering Center, electronic engineering and computer science department, data system and Social Research Institute and Computing Research Center in a shared structure. The center for computing science and engineering provides a master of computing science and engineering program. The courses cover knowledge from aerospace to nanotechnology, from internet protocol to telecommunications system design, focusing on advanced computing methods and applications. The doctoral program in computational science and Engineering jointly offers doctoral courses with eight colleges and departments, focusing on the development of new computing methods related to science and engineering. Optional courses are offered by eight departments, including civil and environmental engineering, mechanical engineering, materials science and engineering, chemical engineering, earth, atmosphere and Planetary Science, aerospace, mathematics, nuclear science and engineering. The courses of the Department of electronic engineering and computer science are mainly composed of three parts: Electronic Engineering, computer science, artificial intelligence and decision-making. The Department offers several degree programs for different levels and needs of students, including master of computing and cognitive engineering (MEng), doctor of Computer Science (PhD), doctor of computer science and Engineering (PhD), master of computer science and molecular biology engineering (MEng), doctor of electro pneumatic engineering (PhD), Master of electrical engineering and Computer Science Engineering (MEng) / Master of Science (SM) / doctor (PhD), etc. In addition to attending degree courses, students are required to attend three industry seminars, participate in industry internships, complete industry joint projects / patents / joint publications, receive industry invitations for academic sharing, practice in government, practice in academic institutions, participate in academic training and submit entrepreneurship projects. Among the programs awarded by Schwarzman computer college, PhD and SCD are considered interchangeable. Computer science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) is the largest laboratory of MIT and the most important information technology R & D center in the world. CSAIL's research fields involve algorithms and theories, artificial intelligence and machine learning, computational biology, computer architecture, graphics and vision, human-computer interaction, programming language and software engineering, robotics, security and cryptography, systems and networks. It is a cross training and research platform with the characteristics of the school. Carnegie Mellon University Carnegie Mellon University is a leader in artificial intelligence research. It has an artificial intelligence major in undergraduate courses; The training in the research stage is distributed in many colleges and departments, mainly concentrated in the school of computer, the Institute of software engineering, the Institute of robotics, the Institute of human-computer interaction, the Institute of language technology and the Department of machine learning. CMU's teachers have diverse backgrounds, and nearly 200 teaching staff come from 11 colleges and departments. Their research ranges from mathematics to computer, art to management, and many fields related to artificial intelligence. The doctoral program of "robotics" is carried out in the school of computer science. Each student must complete core courses and professional courses. Core courses need to be selected from four core fields. Professional courses need to be selected by students in a specific core field and complete 48 credits in this direction, usually four graduate courses. The four core areas are: perception (vision, image sensors, distance data interpretation, tactile and force sensors, inertial guidance and other sensors), cognition (robot artificial intelligence, knowledge, representation, planning, task scheduling and learning), motion (kinematics, dynamics, control, manipulation and motion) Fundamentals of Mathematics (optimal estimation, differential geometry, computational geometry and Operations Research). Master of Automation Science (MSAs) is the first master of Automation Science Program in the world. It mainly provides training in three aspects: one is the practical training of using scientific experimental robot instruments, the other is the data analysis and modeling using machine learning and related methods, and the third is the selection experiment using artificial intelligence. The professional courses required by the project include four modules: background knowledge, modeling and analysis, automation science, internship and career seminar. The project provides students with professional and research options. Before the beginning of the second year, students can choose further course modules according to their career development intention to enter the labor market or scientific research market in the future. The students who choose research will match a research tutor. Master of human computer interaction (mhci) is the world's first professional degree program dedicated to human computer interaction, user experience design and user centered research. The core of the course is interdisciplinary. Students come from different backgrounds such as design, social science, business and computer science. In the first semester, students need to learn core methodology and technology in class. In the second and third semester, students will take elective courses and complete an important industry project with external customers. CMU also promotes the research and application of artificial intelligence by establishing laboratories and centers in cross fields. The Robotics Institute was established in 1979 and regularly cooperates with government, industry and non-profit organizations in the field of sponsored research and education. University of Illinois The University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign does not have a separate major in artificial intelligence. The training focuses on the Department of computer science, the Department of electronic computer engineering and the Department of information science, and has set the direction of artificial intelligence. The Department of computer science provides training programs for master's degree, professional master's degree, general master's degree and direct master's degree. The courses of the project cover ten major directions, such as compilation, AI and biological information. Students first need to choose three major directions in the sequence of basic courses; Secondly, you need to choose at least one advanced course in one of the selected directions of basic courses; At least three courses in ten major directions can be selected for the elective part to ensure the breadth of students' basic knowledge of family planning. In recent years, in the research field, various AI scientific research cooperation has been carried out among various school departments, with off campus enterprise associations and government agencies, and a number of cross research central laboratories have been established. The intelligent robot laboratory (IRL), founded in 2015, is highly associated with the seven departments of engineering colleges such as aviation engineering and electronic engineering, the school of Agronomy, consumer and Environmental Sciences, and works with the coordination Science Laboratory (CS) to build intelligent robots. In November 2019, relying on the construction of the National Supercomputing Center (NCSA), the artificial intelligence Innovation Research Center (caII) is committed to promoting AI research, providing AI employment opportunities for students, coping with major industry challenges through cooperative scientific research and innovation, and becoming a new belt linking academia and industry on campus. In August 2020, the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institute of food and agriculture (nifA) gave UIUC digital agriculture center US $20 million to establish the intelligent Farm Research Institute. In May 2021, Illinois, IBM and UIUC Institute of technology plan to carry out a ten-year strategic cooperation, with an investment of US $200 million, focusing on the rapidly developing fields such as AI and hybrid cloud. University College London University College London has a good academic reputation in the field of artificial intelligence, with a large department system and strong cross training characteristics. In particular, its reinforcement learning and neural computing direction is in a dominant position in the UK. Its research and application involves data science, information science, electronics and electricity, biomedicine, education, architecture, brain science, finance and other fields. UCL joined the European learning and Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory (Ellis) in 2020 and established UCL Ellis unit in the school's joint computational neuroscience group, computer department, School of statistical sciences and School of electronic and electrical engineering, focusing on the research of basic science, technological innovation and social impact. The artificial intelligence related majors of the university are rooted in the computer department of the College of Engineering Sciences, under which there is an artificial intelligence research center. The center has set up the doctoral program of basic artificial intelligence, the master program of machine learning, the master program of computing statistics and machine learning, the master program of data science and machine learning, and the master program of computer vision. The courses of the doctoral program pay attention to the research and training of basic disciplines and interdisciplinary disciplines. There are also elective courses in neuroscience, entrepreneurship, artificial intelligence and moral standards. They are also required to receive comprehensive ability training such as speech and communication skills and writing skills. At the same time, they have the opportunity to participate in professional seminars offered by the Ellen Turing center and internships provided by cooperative organizations. Master's courses are usually composed of compulsory courses, core elective courses, general elective courses and graduation projects. Students have a high degree of freedom in course selection, and the course selection of non-same majors can also be closer to unity. The course does not set too high requirements for students' mathematical foundation, such as linear algebra and calculus, but pays more attention to the algorithm implementation of artificial intelligence and the integration and development with other disciplines, with prominent development at the application level. In recent years, with the gradual deepening of cooperation between UCL and deepmind in teaching and research, the two sides have jointly opened "in-depth learning lectures", which are jointly taught by many deepmind staff and UCL professors, including 12 topics such as convolutional neural network for image recognition and variational judgment. They are quite popular graduate courses. In addition, UCL has established a set of academic career framework for the career development of teachers and researchers, which sets four levels and measures promotion through scientific research / teaching activities, core competencies, professional expertise and influence. For artificial intelligence related majors, UCL has in-depth cooperation with off campus enterprises, and employs industry veterans as professors in the field of machine learning to promote the exchange of theory and practice. It is characterized by interdisciplinary and pluralistic intersection Set up in Specialty
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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