The torch relay route of the current Winter Olympic Games has brought the distance between ancient and modern cultures closer
2022-01-28
The torch relay of Beijing Winter Olympic Games will be held from February 2 to 4. The torch relay points such as Badaling Great Wall, Zhangjiakou industrial culture theme park and dajingmen show the unique historical culture of Beijing and Zhangjiakou, and shorten the distance between ancient and modern culture. Badaling Great Wall: less than the Great Wall is not a hero To Jiayuguan in the West and Shanhaiguan in the East, the Great Wall winds like a giant dragon on the land of China. If you want to choose a place to visit the Great Wall, the first thing in many people's mind is the Badaling Great Wall. "Not reaching the Great Wall is not a hero" has attracted Chinese people for a long time. Only climbing the hero slope can you be regarded as coming to the Badaling Great Wall and a hero. Badaling Great Wall, located in Yanqing District, Beijing, is the best preserved section of the Ming Great Wall and the first great wall opened to the public in China. The Badaling Great Wall was built in the Ming Dynasty to resist the invasion of nomads, but this does not mean that the Badaling area was empty before the Ming Dynasty. In fact, as early as the Warring States period, the Badaling area had been built with the Great Wall, and some relics can be seen today, which shows that the ancients had long noticed the military importance of the Badaling area. Badaling was first seen in the poem of an official and poet named Liu Ying in the Jin Dynasty. One of the poems, "late at the foot of Badaling, Dadan is up", wrote that he took a carriage to the foot of Badaling Mountain in the evening and walked all night before crossing Badaling. The main reason why it took so long was that the mountain road was very rugged and it was very difficult to drive. "Push forward and pull back, and then return the inch.", It's not easy to finish the whole journey. "I'm lucky to be safe when I come back. I'm panting and sweating, just like taking a bath.". Another reason is that there is an endless stream of cars on the road, "like flowing water". As for how the name Badaling came from, there are different opinions. People in the Ming Dynasty have a saying that it connects Beijing in the south, Yanqing in the north and Xuanhua and Zhangjiakou in the West. "The road is divided from here and extends in all directions. Therefore, it is named Badaling, which is the highest in Guanshan". It is not easy to climb over Badaling, and it is even more difficult to build the great wall here. The Ming Dynasty spent generations of painstaking efforts to build the Great Wall. The hardships of nearly 300 years have created great miracles on the earth. Today, when we visit the magnificent Great Wall, it's hard to think of a specific builder's name, so we might as well know something about it in the Great Wall Museum of China in Badaling Great Wall scenic area. In 1505, Badaling pass city was built. Wu consistent, the Minister of economy and strategy and the right Shaoqing of Dali temple, presided over it. Wu consistent came from Chaoshan area thousands of miles away. Today, there is a "Dali Shaoqing square" in memory of him on the memorial archway street of Chaozhou City. During the period when he was engaged in border affairs, he wrote thousands of words in the "an Bian CE" and planned to establish Badaling pass city. "The city crosses two mountains from east to west, and runs down the two mountains. It is two feet high, five feet thick and 680 feet long. There are two north-south gate towers, two enemy towers, two city shops, one Pinghu pier on the East Mountain and one Yurong pier on the West Mountain". Since then, Guancheng has been rebuilt and reinforced for many times. The gate of Guancheng city is closed in wartime and open in peacetime for businessmen and passengers. Therefore, "Guancheng" contains two meanings. It is not only a separation line, but also a fusion point. The Guancheng we saw today was restored after the founding of new China. The words "Juyong Wai Town" on the forehead of the south gate and "Beimen lock and key" on the forehead of the north gate were written by people in the Ming Dynasty. These eight words indicate the dangerous geographical location of Guancheng, "if you don't keep it, Juyong can't be guaranteed". In 1567, the imperial court recruited Qi Jiguang, a famous Anti Japanese general, to go north to assist in the defense of the north, and the prime minister Jizhou, Changping and Baoding to train troops. After Qi Jiguang took office, on the one hand, he rectified military discipline and strengthened military training. On the other hand, in view of the past "although the side walls were repaired, the piers and abutments were not built", he suggested overhauling the enemy platform. In Qi Jiguang's vision, "the platform is five feet high, the virtual center is three floors, there are hundreds of people on the platform, and there is enough embarrassing food for armor battle". By 1571, more than 1000 enemy platforms had been built, "strong and majestic, with a momentum of two thousand miles". The enemy platform on the Badaling Great Wall also includes Qi Jiguang's painstaking efforts. Today, when we visit these enemy towers, we often think they are beacon towers. In fact, they are not. The beacon towers are farther and closer to the front line. The construction of the enemy's platform has significantly enhanced the defense function of the Great Wall. When we climb up the top of the enemy's platform and overlook the winding of the Great Wall, we will always be excited, marveling not only at its technology, but also at its spirit and wisdom. The Chinese people advocate peace, and the construction of the Great Wall is also for peace. This is the "stop the Gore for force" advocated by the Chinese people. Zhangjiakou industrial culture theme park: Century Beijing Zhang Qixin In the main urban area of Zhangjiakou City, a north-south Qingshui river divides it into East and west parts. There is a bridge on the river, with Qiaodong District in the East and Qiaoxi District in the West. Zhangjiakou City originated in Qiaoxi District. A railway more than 100 years ago injected vitality and vigor into Qiaodong district. This railway is the Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway built from 1905 to 1909. Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway is the first trunk railway that is completely funded, designed and constructed by the Chinese people and operated and managed independently. In the Zhangjiakou industrial and cultural theme park in Qiaodong District, the abandoned Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway track has become a landscape for everyone to punch in. Zhangjiakou industrial culture theme park was originally a shanty town where railway workers lived. After transformation, it has now become a park to preserve the urban industrial cultural heritage and retain the memory of past life. Historically, Zhangjiakou was the only route from Beijing to the Great Wall. Just as Hou Renzhi, a historical geographer, said, Beijing is located in "a semi enclosed small plain surrounded by heavy mountains". It named this geographical situation "Beijing bay". The Yanshan Mountain in the north and the Taihang Mountain in the west not only provide a natural barrier for Beijing, but also become an area that has to be passed in the West. The ancients opened up many channels in the Taihang Mountains with high mountains for a long time, which is called "Taihang Baxing". The northernmost channel is "junduxing". This channel starts from the south entrance of Changping District, Beijing, and passes through Juyongguan and Badaling in Jundu mountains in the northwest. Badaling is also called Beikou. The road from Nankou to Beikou is called "Guangou" and goes West after the north entrance, You can go to Huailai, Xuanhua and Zhangjiakou. In the early 20th century, when Zhan Tianyou, China's first railway engineer, was ordered to build the Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway, he chose the same route. But this route has a thorny engineering problem, that is, how to cross the Guangou. The natural slope of Guangou was too large, which exceeded the limit of the railway line at that time. Therefore, Zhan Tianyou proposed to dig four tunnels first to reduce the slope of the line, of which the longest Badaling tunnel was one kilometer long. At that time, China was still very backward in tunneling. Some foreign experts said that the Chinese people could not succeed, However, Zhan Tianyou led the construction personnel to make the impossible possible; Secondly, the northbound train starts from Nankou station and is pulled by two locomotives, one pulling forward and the other pushing backward. When the train arrives at Qinglongqiao station near Badaling, the front of the train is facing the northeast. Zhan Tianyou uses the natural terrain here to design a "herringbone" line. After reaching the "herringbone" node, the original pushed locomotive pulls and the original pulled locomotive pushes, Turn the front of the car to the northwest. This practice of exchanging length for height is the finishing touch in the construction of Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway. Qinglongqiao station and "herringbone" line have been listed in China's industrial heritage list. Today, when we build the Beijing Zhangjiakou high-speed railway, we have more highlights. Unlike Zhan Tianyou's era when he was trying to catch up with the world railway development trend, today's China is leading the world railway development trend. Under the "blessing" of Beidou satellite navigation system, the intelligent upgraded "Fuxing" train of Beijing Zhangjiakou high-speed railway has realized automatic driving at a speed of 350 kilometers per hour for the first time in the world. China is at the forefront of the world in the technology of building large and long tunnels. Today, it is no longer difficult for Beijing Zhangjiakou high-speed railway to pass through Badaling. The new Badaling tunnel is 12 kilometers long. Badaling high-speed railway station is 102 meters below the Great Wall. When it was built, it was the largest buried high-speed railway underground station in China. The reason for this is to protect the industrial heritage and the landscape of the Great Wall on the ground. Starting from Beijing North railway station, Zhangjiakou high-speed railway station can be reached in less than an hour. It is about 5000 meters away from Zhangjiakou industrial and cultural theme park in the north. It is a new area for urban development. The railway once again injects vitality and vitality into the development of the city. Dajingmen: exchanging what is needed and harmony is precious Xuanhua north station is set on the Beijing Zhangjiakou high-speed railway line. Xuanhua district is one of the municipal districts of Zhangjiakou, which was under Xuanhua management in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, nine border towns were set up along the great wall and guarded by sections. This is the "nine border important towns". Xuanfu town is one of them. In the Qing Dynasty, the Great Wall no longer has military functions. The areas along the great wall were removed from town and guard and changed into Prefecture and county. Xuanhua Prefecture was set up during the Kangxi period, enjoying the reputation of "the first Prefecture in western Beijing". Zhangjiakou, under Xuanhua administration in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, gradually developed from a military fortress to a border trade city, and became the center of the region in modern times. It is said that the origin of the name Zhangjiakou is related to the two Shandong Taiping mountains and West Taiping mountains in the north of the urban area. The two mountains are not far apart, and a pass is formed in the middle. In 1644, when the Manchu and Qing Dynasties entered the pass, the government built a dajingmen at the pass. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, many immigrants who came to guard the border lived in Zhenggou street outside the pass. One family's surname was Zhang, so people called the village they lived in Zhangjiakou. In 1429, an officer named Zhang Wen of the Ming dynasty built a military fortress named "Zhangjiabao", which is Baozili in the West District of Qiaoxi, about 4000 meters south of dajingmen. When it was built, it was only one of the more than 60 military fortresses under Xuanfu town. No one expected that it would one day become a prosperous city. Baozili is also known as "Xiabao", because the government built "Shangbao" in dajingmen in the late Ming Dynasty. Its official name is "Laiyuan Bao". In 1571, the Ming Dynasty reached a peace agreement with an Dahan of Tumet, Mongolia. The Ming Dynasty named an Dahan "Shunyi king". The two sides exchanged markets peacefully, ending the state of war for more than 200 years. The killing atmosphere along the great wall disappeared, and instead there was a prosperous business situation. It is against this background that a "market circle" has been developed in dajingmen. In the early stage, the place for commodity trading is very simple. It is probably a circle of earth walls that delimits the scope of a market. People trade in it. In 1613, Wang Daoheng, governor of the Xuanfu government, presided over the construction of Laiyuan fort. Today, the relics of Laiyuan Fort still exist in dajingmen. More than 30 years later, in 1644, the Dajing gate was built, and the words "great rivers and mountains" on the gate were written by Gao Weiyue of Chahar Dutong in 1927. Dajingmen, together with Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan and Jiayuguan, are called the "four great passes of the Great Wall". However, only dajingmen is called the door rather than the door. The door has a sense of tension of closing the door and resisting the enemy, while the door reveals that under the condition of mutual respect, you can open the door to talk and trade. So, what commodities are traded in the markets around dajingmen. The nomadic people in the North brought horses, sheep, fluff and leather sheets. The developed leather goods trading made Zhangjiakou once known as the "leather capital outside the Great Wall", and they brought back grain
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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