1 "no" and 27 "no" to protect the internship rights and interests of Vocational Students
2022-01-26
Recently, the Ministry of education and other eight departments jointly issued the regulations on the administration of student internship in Vocational Schools (revised in 2021) (hereinafter referred to as the "new regulations"). What are the problems in the previous practice of vocational students? How do the new regulations protect the rights and interests of students and improve the quality of practice? To this end, the reporter interviewed the relevant person in charge of the Department of Vocational and adult education of the Ministry of education and Vocational College scholars. Eight departments jointly issued regulations to protect the internship rights and interests of vocational education students In vocational education curriculum, practice is a crucial link. In 2016, the Ministry of education and other five departments jointly issued the regulations on the administration of student internship in vocational schools to protect the internship rights and interests of vocational education students. After a lapse of five years, the eight departments jointly issued a new version of the regulations. What are the important problems to be solved? "Economic and social development requires improving the quality of skill supply, further standardizing practice management and improving practice quality, which can be said to be the internal demand to promote the high-quality development of modern vocational education." The person in charge of the Department of vocational education and adult education of the Ministry of Education said, "for some time, driven by interests, some units and individuals have organized students to work on the enterprise production line in the name of internship, arranged overtime and night shift, compulsory internship, paid internship, internship specialty mismatch and other problems from time to time." In the interview, the reporter learned that there are many chaos in the internship of vocational education students. Individual schools and illegal manufacturers regard the internship students as cheap labor force, and the internship remuneration is low. They even have to be "embezzled" by the school, which seriously infringes on the rights and interests of students and reduces the social evaluation of vocational education. In particular, intermediary agencies involved in internships to earn "Capitation fees" is an important source of compulsory internships and paid internships. "In view of the problems of organizing students to work in enterprises in the name of internship, earning 'capitation fee', compulsory internship and so on. The new regulations draw a red line with one 'no' and 27 'no'. It is clear that the internship agreement must be signed by vocational schools, internship units and students, and reiterates that students' internship shall not be organized, arranged and managed through intermediaries or paid agents." According to the person in charge of the vocational and adult department of the Ministry of education, specifically: "students shall not be arranged to engage in simple and repetitive labor", "students shall not be arranged to engage in physical labor with grade III intensity or above or other internships harmful to physical and mental health", "it is strictly prohibited to organize internships in violation of regulations for the purpose of profit", etc. Redefine the classification of practice and reduce the burden on Students The new regulations redefine the classification of internships and unify on-the-job internships and on-the-job internships into "on-the-job internships". In addition to strengthening the selection of internship units, schools are required to encourage and guide enterprises (Institutions) to set up internship posts and make them public according to a certain proportion of the total number of posts. "Generally speaking, on-the-job internship is for students to learn and do some auxiliary work, while on-the-job internship is for students to complete production tasks independently. It is a step-by-step process from on-the-job internship to on-the-job internship. The unification of on-the-job internship and on-the-job internship is conducive to the systematic design of on-the-job internship." Liu Weijie, party secretary and President of Jiangsu Yixing higher vocational and technical school, said. "Unified post practice is conducive to improving management efficiency." Gao Xuepeng, deputy director of the Academic Affairs Office of Jiangxi Applied Technology Vocational College, said, "in practical work, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between post following and post following. The old regulations have caused artificial isolation and affected efficiency. Before, students needed to submit two internship materials for post holding and post following. After the unification of the new regulations, students no longer need to repeat their work and reduce their burden." For vocational education, there is a long-standing problem: due to the lack of systematic design and arrangement, many enterprises and institutions are hot outside and cold inside the matter of receiving internships, especially large-scale professional and technical internships in batches. In addition, the teaching quality of Vocational and technical schools is uneven. For some schools, it is not easy to find normal and standardized internship units. "In recent years, the digital economy has spawned new business forms and new models, driving job upgrading and career scene changes. At the same time, with the promotion of the construction of productive training base and virtual simulation training base, some majors can basically reproduce the real career scene of enterprises in different forms in schools or parks. The new regulations have new changes in the boundary of practice, which is very important for those who are built in schools or parks Productive training base, factory Colonel, school factory, virtual simulation training base, etc. can also be used as an internship unit if they can basically reproduce the real professional scene. " The relevant person in charge of the vocational and adult department of the Ministry of Education said, "in addition, encourage and guide enterprises (Institutions) to set up internship posts according to a certain proportion of the total number of posts." Can more internship positions be warmly responded by the enterprise? Liu Weijie said: "the reason why enterprises receive internships is that the teaching of vocational schools is seriously divorced from the job demand of enterprises. Student internships often affect the normal production of enterprises, and the internship cost far exceeds the income of enterprises. Therefore, enterprises are unwilling to accept internships." It is understood that Yixing higher vocational and technical school modifies the talent training plan according to the specific needs of small, medium-sized and micro enterprises, jointly sets up comprehensive practical courses with relevant enterprises, and trains technical talents who can be used and retained by small, medium-sized and micro enterprises, which is deeply welcomed by enterprises. "In the new regulations, there are incentives and policy support for the internship units that have achieved remarkable results in supporting the internship work of vocational schools. For example, the reasonable expenses related to the income actually incurred by enterprises due to the internship of students shall be deducted when calculating the taxable income according to law. The local people's governments at or above the county level may, in combination with the actual situation, provide incentives for the vocational schools and internships that have achieved remarkable results in the internship work Students and internship units shall give corresponding incentives according to regulations. These can promote enterprises to be more willing to accept internships and promote the linkage and normalization of vocational schools and enterprises and institutions. " Chen Zhengjiang, executive deputy director of the higher vocational education development research center of Zhejiang Vocational College of finance, said. The model text of internship agreement was distributed for the first time to standardize internship behavior "The release of the internship agreement is conducive to standardizing the internship. Our school has two kinds of agreements: on-the-job internship and on-the-job internship. In the process of implementation, enterprises often think that this is the one-way behavior of the school. Some enterprises do not cooperate with us to sign the agreement. After the unified standardization of the Ministry of education, it will be conducive to the signing of the agreement and standardize the internship behavior." Gao Xuepeng said. The new regulations distribute the model text of internship agreement for the first time, which makes it clear that internship can only be carried out after an agreement is signed by vocational schools, internship units and students. At the same time, it also makes it clear that informed consent signed by student guardians or parents should be obtained. "For a long time, there have been many versions of internship agreements in vocational schools, which are highly arbitrary, but they are often full of loopholes when they encounter internship management disputes." model text of internship agreement " The construction of the basic norms of practice agreement is a profound embodiment of the rule of law in the field of vocational education. It defines the rights and obligations of vocational schools, internship units and internship students, which is helpful to solve the related problems in internship management. Effectively protecting the legitimate rights and interests of internship students will help to improve the quality of vocational talent training. " Liu Weijie said. The three parties signed a standardized internship agreement, which provided the basis for standardized operation of many specific issues. For example, guarantee students' internship remuneration. The regulations require that the internship salary shall not be less than 80% of the salary standard of the same position of the unit or the lowest salary standard, and the payment cycle shall not exceed 1 month. No articles or vouchers shall be used to replace currency payment or forwarded by a third party, no internship deposit, training fee, internship remuneration Commission, management fee, internship material fee, employment service fee or other forms of internship fees shall be charged to students, and students shall not be required to provide guarantee or collect students' property in other names. For another example, students shall not be required to work night shifts and overtime, the attendance system of internship units shall not be simply applied, and students shall not be assessed by simply applying employee standards. "Students are not familiar with laws and regulations, and there is no standardized contract before. Sometimes their rights and interests are infringed, and it is difficult to safeguard their rights and interests in case of problems." It has authority and credibility, which is conducive to providing basic institutional guarantee for internship activities. It is also the embodiment of the continuous improvement of the standardization and sunshine of practice management. " Chen Zhengjiang said. (outlook new era)
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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