"Vertical" and "horizontal" in the study of the general history of Chinese laoxue
2022-01-24
Lao Tzu has had a profound impact on China's philosophy, politics, religion, morality, literature and art. It has survived for more than 2000 years and has been widely spread overseas. The general history of Chinese gerontology was approved as a major project by the National Social Science Fund in 2014. The research results are divided into five volumes and six volumes, including pre Qin, Qin and Han volumes, Wei, Jin, northern and Southern Dynasties, Sui and Tang volumes, song and Yuan volumes, Ming and Qing volumes, modern volumes (upper and lower), with more than 3 million words. It is listed in the national key book publishing planning project of the 13th five year plan. The results take the annotations of Lao Tzu of previous dynasties as the basic document materials, pay attention to the rare books such as the existing single copy, cash copy and rare copy, as well as the unearthed documents of Lao Tzu and Dunhuang documents, and pay attention to the materials related to Lao Tzu such as daozang, books of Taoism outside Tibet, official history, local chronicles, anthologies of previous dynasties, inscriptions and so on. According to the common law of the development of Lao Tzu in different times, this paper makes a penetrating, in-depth and systematic discussion on the whole Chinese Lao Tzu from a new academic perspective and ideological dimension, comprehensively summarizes the historical process and rich content of the development of Lao Tzu, analyzes and abstracts the theoretical creation and ideological characteristics of Lao Tzu in different historical periods, This paper reveals its profound relationship with the development of Chinese ideology and culture, and expounds the ideological, academic value and historical status of Chinese laoxue. In terms of research methods, in addition to the commonly used methods of academic history, ideological history and Philology, a variety of other methods are also used for research. For example, the method of social history is used to reveal the historical and cultural background of the development of laoxue, so as to avoid the subjectivity of literature interpretation and ideological analysis of laoxue. For another example, hermeneutic methods can not only help us understand the differences between Chinese and western ideological and academic studies, but also help us reasonably analyze and evaluate the original purpose pursuit and ideological play of Laozi in the history of Chinese laoxue, so as to respect and understand the characteristics of Chinese ideological and academic studies. The achievements strive for innovation and highlight the nature of the "general history" of the development of Chinese old school. From tracing the ideological origin of Lao Tzu and the establishment of Taoist school to the summary of the development of modern and contemporary laoxue, it reflects the continuity of the development of Chinese laoxue. This kind of penetration has both vertical and horizontal connections. The so-called "vertical communication" refers to the research from ancient times to now according to the chronological order of historical development, which is embodied in the continuity and timeliness of the development of laoxue. For example, the pre Qin, Qin and Han laoxue is the beginning of the history of Chinese laoxue, which makes a new demonstration of Laozi, his books and his thoughts; This paper discusses the relationship between Yang Zhu, Liezi, Guan Yin and Lao Tzu, and comprehensively expounds Zhuangzi's inheritance and development of Lao Tzu's thought; This paper discusses the origin and evolution of Huang laoxue and its great influence in the Qin and Han Dynasties. Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties is an important development stage of laoxue. Its starting point is the important role of laoxue in the construction of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and its focus is on the formation and prosperity of metaphysics. Many thinkers in the Song Dynasty annotated Lao Tzu, and the old school formed a peak in this period. The old learning of song and Yuan Dynasties is closely related to major events in the history of ideology and culture, such as Neo Confucianism, song learning and new Taoism. In the past, the academic circles did not give high evaluation to the old school in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but this achievement was re evaluated. It is considered that the prominent characteristics are paying attention to the political play of Lao Tzu's thought, the further integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the old school, and the popularization of Taoism. The modern old school presents a different look from the traditional old school. In the historical process of "one hundred years is sharper than a thousand years", modern laoxue fully shows the adherence of academic and ideological circles to traditional culture and the positive response to western culture. The development of modern gerontology, especially since the reform and opening up, also shows great ideological and academic vitality. There is also a trend of convergence between mainland gerontology and Hong Kong and Taiwan gerontology. The so-called "Hengtong" refers to a comprehensive investigation of the logical evolution and front and rear development of the main problems involved in Chinese laoxue, which reflects the richness and systematicness of the ideological content of laoxue. For example, the formation of metaphysics, emphasizing metaphysics and Neo Confucianism belong to three historical stages: Wei Jin, Sui Tang and Song Dynasty, which are closely related to laoxue. The whole book makes a comprehensive study of the above three philosophical thoughts from the perspective of laoxue. Another example is the exertion and application of Lao Tzu's political thought, including the interpretation of Lao Tzu by the four emperors of Tang Xuanzong, song Huizong, Ming Taizu and Qing Shizu, as well as the interpretation of civil and military ministers. The whole book pays attention to the similarities and differences between the interpretation of Lao Tzu by monarchs and officials, so as to clarify the significance and influence of Lao Tzu's thought as "the art of monarch and man in the South". "Hengtong" not only combs the development context of laoxue from the perspective of academic history, but also expounds its theoretical value from the height of ideological history, so that "the general history of Chinese laoxue" has the characteristics of "the ideological history of Chinese laoxue" at the same time. In short, this book attempts to make the research on the history of Chinese laoxue truly have the style of "general history" through the "vertical communication" of time and the "horizontal communication" of problems, so as to achieve the due depth and breadth. Laozi is currently the most translated Chinese classics in foreign languages and languages. It has attracted more and more attention all over the world and has worldwide influence. By comprehensively combing the ideological value and historical influence contained in Laozi, the general history of Chinese laoxue fully shows the philosophical wisdom of Laozi that spans history, connects reality and faces the world, which plays a great role in promoting the Chinese excellent traditional culture to go abroad and go to the world. (outlook new era)
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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