Deep concern | clean heating cannot be "one size fits all"
2021-12-27
Recently, the ancient city of Shanhaiguan District, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province ignored the heating effect in promoting the clean heating project, and even took extreme measures such as banning firewood burning, sealing Kang and stove, which led to the cold and exposure of some people and aroused the attention of public opinion. The central economic work conference stressed that leading economic work must respect objective reality and the needs of the masses, and must have systematic thinking and scientific planning. While promoting the steady progress of cleaning and heating, we must ensure that people do not suffer from cold. As the local people said, "the transformation of clean heating is a good thing and everyone supports it, but we can't" cut across the board ". With the advancement of projects such as "coal to gas" and "coal to electricity", the lessons exposed in some places are alarming. Shanhaiguan ancient city is now clean heating "one size fits all" phenomenon, and "banning firewood and sealing stoves" has caused people to be frozen, and local rectification has been started "You can't burn firewood! We don't smoke. The common people just stand it. There's no way!" Recently, CCTV voice of China exposed the event that "the old people were frozen and cried due to the prohibition of firewood and sealing stoves in the ancient city of Shanhaiguan". The report pointed out that the reporter came to a people's home in the west five Hutongs of the ancient city at 12 noon on December 17. The thermometer showed that the temperature in his home was less than 7 degrees. According to previous reports, many local residents reported to the media that in the past two years, they have promoted clean heating and even taken measures to block stoves in order to completely prohibit coal and firewood burning. Although the local government has distributed electric heaters and electric mattresses free of charge to promote clean heating, on the one hand, the heating effect is poor, "the radiator is on, and the temperature can't come up" and "the Kang is hot, but the house is still cold". On the other hand, the cost of 24-hour electric heating is high, which makes it still difficult to bear to give electricity subsidies. Shanhaiguan ancient city is an old city with a history of more than 600 years. Among the 4300 houses in the ancient city, about 1700 live in winter, including only 265 central heating households, many elderly people, many bungalows and many families with living difficulties. According to the official website of Shanhaiguan District, from 2019, the ancient city began to implement the "coal to electricity" and bid farewell to the decades long coal-fired heating method. Some people reported that since this year, the local environmental protection control has been upgraded, and firewood burning has been banned in the whole region. Is firewood a highly polluting fuel? According to the catalogue of highly polluting fuels issued by the former Ministry of environmental protection in 2017, industrial waste and garbage, agricultural and forestry residues, charcoal and other auxiliary fuels used in catering industry do not belong to the control scope of the catalogue, and local and relevant departments have not issued a notice prohibiting burning firewood for heating. In December last year, "Shanhaiguan District ancient city protection and development center" once released information that the center "went deep into the merchants (enterprises) of the four streets of the ancient city to carry out publicity and education and conduct detailed inspection to prevent coal-fired firewood heating"; in November this year, Shanhaiguan district ecological environment branch also pointed out that "the problem of burning firewood and Kang should be completely solved on the premise of ensuring people's heating". After the exposure of the incident, the local government has started the rectification and implemented the free policy of registering and purchasing electric water heating kang for residents in the ancient city, with a subsidy of about 1500 yuan for installation households. Liu Youyou, head of Shanhaiguan District, said, "some policies issued by the government may not be implemented in full accordance with the original intention when formulating policies, resulting in the phenomenon of 'one size fits all'." Liu youyou said that after many professional and technical demonstrations, it is unrealistic to implement central heating and connect natural gas in the ancient city. "First, everyone's houses are relatively old; second, they are relatively crowded, the underground pipe network is complex, and the laying of thermal pipe network cannot be realized." He also introduced that the district government is planning to gradually implement air energy heat pump in the ancient city to ensure that the people in the ancient city are warm for the winter. At present, the Ministry of ecological environment has organized investigation to understand the situation and urged rapid rectification. A spokesman for the Ministry of ecological environment pointed out that "clean heating in the northern region is a livelihood project. First, we should take the protection of people's warmth for the winter as the bottom line. No matter what kind of clean heating method is used, we should insist on standing first and then breaking, and not standing or breaking." If the policy implementation is not humanized and unreasonable, it will inevitably cause resentment among the masses and it is difficult to achieve the expected effect Zhang Yuanxun, vice president and professor of the school of resources and environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, has been engaged in air pollution monitoring and analysis in North China for a long time. He told reporters that the sources of air pollution in North China roughly include the following categories: first, coal combustion, including industrial boilers and household bulk coal; Second, motor vehicle exhaust emission; Third, dust, including accumulated dust and short-term dust storms; Fourth, biomass combustion, mainly firewood, straw and forest fire; Fifth, various types of industrial emissions. In addition to the above primary source pollution, there are also secondary source pollution generated by the reaction of various substances in the air, that is, VOCs (volatile organic compounds) that have been emphasized to be controlled in the past two years, which is also one of the important precursors for the generation of PM2.5. Zhang Yuanxun said that with the strengthening of control over straw combustion, the proportion of air pollution from biomass combustion continues to decrease, about 10%, which varies greatly in different regions and seasons. In recent years, China's environmental monitoring network has become increasingly perfect. Chen Shanrong, head of China environmental monitoring station, said that the ambient air monitoring network is divided into national, provincial, municipal There are four levels of districts (counties), covering urban ambient air quality monitoring, regional ambient air quality monitoring, background ambient air quality monitoring, acid rain monitoring, air quality monitoring affected by sand and dust, atmospheric particulate matter composition / photochemical monitoring and other functions At the end of the period, the national atmospheric particulate matter composition monitoring network will cover PM2 5 cities exceeding the standard. It is understood that in addition to the ambient air monitoring network on the ground, aerial satellite remote sensing can also timely find pollution problems such as straw burning. Through the "open space" integrated monitoring system, it can provide more accurate atmospheric monitoring and more timely warning. "In the past, when the air pollution situation was the most severe, the combustion of biomass used by families for heating and cooking was not the focus of pollution control, and the main contradiction was related enterprises such as steel, ceramics and glass. In recent years, all localities have strictly controlled these 'big polluters', and the air quality has been significantly improved, and scattered pollution has become a new focus of pollution control." Zhang Yuanxun said that compared with the sensitive response of enterprises to policies, firewood burning involving people's daily lifestyle is really difficult to manage. "If the policy implementation is not humanized and unreasonable, it will inevitably cause resentment among the masses, and it is difficult to achieve the expected effect." Feng Xiangzhao, deputy director of the energy and Environmental Policy Research Department of the environment and economic policy research center of the Ministry of ecological environment, said that this situation objectively exists and needs attention. "Economic cost is an important factor affecting clean heating." The transformation of clean heating should be carefully grasped, and based on the economic affordability of the people, comprehensively consider the factors such as local finance and resource endowment, and follow the principles of user affordability, government support and sustainable operation, so as to formulate a scientific bidding procurement, subsidy and evaluation mechanism. According to a 2018 study in the Journal of the American Medical Association, indoor air pollution from cooking and heating with coal and firewood (solid fuel) can significantly increase the risk of death from coronary heart disease and stroke. Zhang Yuanxun believes that, "We should strengthen publicity to let the people know that changing the heating method is not only clean and environmental protection, labor-saving and trouble-saving, but also conducive to their own health." Clean heating transformation is a systematic project, which needs to be adjusted to local conditions, accurately planned, laid out in advance and steadily promoted, so as to truly realize "people can afford it and the government can afford it" Is the contradiction between mass heating and environmental protection irreconcilable? In 2019, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of ecological environment pointed out that in the promotion of clean heating, the Ministry of ecological environment will take ensuring people's warm winter as the first principle. In Feng Xiangzhao's view, the transformation of clean heating is a systematic project, which can not be achieved overnight. "For example, if we choose 'coal to gas', we need to improve the transformation management mechanism and formulate policies to benefit the people. The construction process alone has processes such as planning and design, pipeline laying and safety supervision, which is not done overnight. Similarly, choosing' coal to electricity 'also faces the challenges of complex transformation process links and high subsidy dependence. We need to unite all parties to promote it together." Not only is the selection and implementation of the technical route time-consuming, but also the building energy-saving transformation of people's houses is equally important. "If the thermal insulation conditions are not improved, it will not only affect the heating effect, but also increase energy consumption and increase the cost." Feng Xiangzhao believes that if the local government is not fully prepared, "one size fits all" ban on the original heating method will undoubtedly affect people's lives. "On the one hand, it shows that some areas do not have a good understanding of the central policy and the awareness of environmental protection has not kept up; on the other hand, there is a lack of grass-roots governance capacity in some areas." Feng Xiangzhao said. "To achieve sustainable clean heating, we need to adjust measures to local conditions, make accurate planning, layout in advance, and make steady progress to realize that 'the people can afford it and the government can afford it'. Only by doing solid research, doing enough publicity and guidance, and implementing various supporting measures, can we really let the people live a 'green warm winter'." Feng Xiangzhao said. To promote clean heating, we must adhere to the principle of "building first and then breaking, and not building and breaking", coordinate people's livelihood Protection, energy conservation and emission reduction, and proceed from reality, electricity is electricity, gas is gas, coal is coal, and heat is heat The central economic work conference pointed out that it is necessary to conduct scientific assessment, exclude the use of new renewable energy and raw materials from the total energy consumption control, create conditions to realize the transformation from "double control" of energy consumption to "double control" of total carbon emission and intensity as soon as possible, accelerate the formation of an incentive and restraint mechanism for reducing pollution and carbon, and prevent simple layer by layer decomposition. "Clean heating and warm winter are livelihood projects, and both people's livelihood should be guaranteed." Wang Jinnan, academician of the Chinese Academy of engineering and President of the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of ecological environment, said that China's energy structure is dominated by coal, the level of clean utilization is still low, and the problem of structural pollution is prominent. About 20% of China's coal is used for rural heating without any environmental protection measures and small and medium-sized coal-fired facilities that can not stably meet the standards. Therefore, the three-year action plan for winning the blue sky defense war issued by the State Council in June 2018 requires that "electricity, gas, coal and heat should be based on reality". All localities should choose diversified clean heating methods according to local conditions, not limited to "replacing coal with gas" to reduce the pressure of gas source guarantee. "The 'four advisability' is the judgment drawn from the practice of clean heating in the north. We should ensure the stability of energy supply supporting economic growth and accelerate the energy transformation on the basis of stability." Luozuo County, director of the Research Office of Sinopec economic and Technological Research Institute, believes that "four suitable" heating conditions should be actively created. If they are not available for the time being, firewood heating should also be allowed. Since 2013, China's haze control has achieved universally recognized results, and the air quality in key areas such as Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei has improved significantly. The formulation of relevant policies basically follows the principle of "step-by-step", reflecting the idea of establishing first and then breaking. In the process of promoting clean heating, China also clearly proposes to adhere to the principle of "standing first and then breaking, and not standing or breaking". On October 29, the Ministry of ecological environment said that the new transformation this year has not been ventilated and electrified
Edit：Luo yu Responsible editor：Wang xiao jing
Source：Website of the State Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee
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