Why do we oppose the "theory of only entering higher education": education is first and foremost human education
2021-12-15
"Beiqing rate" has become a toxic negative indicator. "When you open your eyes, it is competition" and "improve one point and kill thousands of people" have become a true portrayal of school life. Talents, first of all, are people, and then they may be talents. The first priority of education is to cultivate people and future husbands, wives, mothers and fathers; The second is to train future engineers or doctors. Compulsory education should run every school well, pay attention to every student, especially vulnerable students. At the level of values, "double reduction" requires parents and students to reduce their pressure, remove the magic barrier of elitism, move towards populist values, and strive to be a happy ordinary person. "Teaching for life" is already an important trend of the current world education reform. It gives education to life, uses life to educate, and educates for the improvement of life. —————————— The "double reduction" reform being promoted in China has touched the basic problems of right and wrong in the field of education. At present, people are generally concerned about whether the academic burden can be really reduced; The deeper challenge is whether our school education can break through the examination oriented education and return to the original intention of cultivating people. At present, China's education presents a thought-provoking adhesive pattern in which the ideal is contrary to the reality. With the substantial reduction of school-age children and the substantial increase of education investment, all kinds of education have been popularized, and the internal and external environment of education is becoming more and more relaxed. It is entirely possible to implement more humanized and high-quality education such as "small classes and small schools". However, the reality is that children's academic burden is too heavy and the fierce examination competition in primary and secondary schools is difficult to change. This shows that good education and ideal education do not completely depend on educational resources and the relationship between supply and demand. Burden reduction involves the overall change of educational ecology, including school system, education and teaching, evaluation system, the relationship between supply and demand, the influence of interest groups, and so on. In addition to these practical factors, we may ignore an important issue: educational philosophy or educational values. Because in the final analysis, the system, system and policy of a society are determined by the cultural concept behind it. The idea of supporting exam oriented education and supporting exam oriented education is the only theory of entering a higher school: simplifying the function and goal of school education into entering a higher school and competing for the rate of entering a higher school. This is the origin of only score, only examination and only education. The pursuit of high education and famous school education has almost become an educational belief of the whole people, which has an indisputable legitimacy. Is this idea really justified and indisputable? What's wrong with it? Only the theory of entering a higher school is not enough Some phenomena in real life let us reflect. In the labor market, it is more and more difficult for enterprises to recruit workers, and many enterprises are underemployed. According to some enterprises in the east coast, it is easy to recruit a college student with a monthly salary of 3000 yuan, but it can't recruit migrant workers. The city streets recruit clerks, the environmental departments recruit staff, and famous university graduates flock to them. At present, 89 million college students graduate every year, and the civil service examination is heating up. Although these phenomena have various specific reasons that can be deeply analyzed, the fact that the training objectives and values of education are contrary to real life is also obvious. These "favored children of heaven" who can not adapt to secular life are filled with the anxiety of "reading and being an official" and becoming a "man". In short, the disadvantages of the theory of only entering higher education mainly include the following points. It goes against the objective demand of social and economic life for diversified talents. This is the deep reason why enterprises can't recruit people, because society needs 360 lines, while schools only provide one line, that is, studying as an official and taking an examination of civil servants. So the three hundred and sixty lines lost their value. When our educational goals are higher and higher, such as 985, Tsinghua University, Peking University, doctor and master's degree, we are also farther and farther away from the actual demand of the labor market. It is very common to disdain ordinary work, despise practical work and have high goals but low hands. At the same time, many emerging needs and positions can not recruit the required talents. It denies the need of human diversity for a happy life. The diversity of human intelligence structure and different personalities, endowments and specialties also go beyond the single orientation of only the rate of entering school. Not everyone is suitable for research and academic work, and not all fields need a high degree. Seeing the news of graduate student suicide, I have a "villain's heart". I think some people are "harmed" by the pursuit of higher education. They may not have this ability and try their best. If they chose to work in line with their personality and ability, they could have displayed their talents and achieved a happy life. How many people around us without high education can shine in life as long as they are confident, self-improvement and good at learning. The worst thing about the pursuit of higher education is the comparison of the so-called "Beiqing rate". I wrote an article saying that the "Beiqing rate" has become a toxic negative indicator. In order to achieve "zero breakthrough", some local governments and counties even let students enter Tsinghua Academy of fine arts or Peking University School of nursing regardless of their interests and specialties. Even if such students enter Beiqing, can they really become talents and have a happy life? Famous schools such as Tsinghua University and Peking University should also make a difference and strive to change this situation, rather than sit back and watch the continuous imbalance of educational values. The theory of only entering higher education encourages the consumption of high education, resulting in a great waste of society and life. Education system and talent training should match the needs of economy and society, which is the most basic requirement. Society not only needs "top-notch innovative talents", but also a large number of applied technical talents, talents with secondary education and ordinary education. Now, as many as 20% of meituan takeout riders have college degree or above, and even Street clerks in Hangzhou and other places need 985 degree. Is it normal that many graduate students from famous schools are engaged in jobs that can be competent for high school graduates? Isn't this a great waste of educational resources? This abnormal values leads to the reality of emphasizing higher education, neglecting basic education, emphasizing general education and neglecting vocational education, which directly hinders the development of vocational education. China's vocational education is not always inferior and unpopular. In their early years, Zhang Jian and Huang Yanpei developed the local economy through vocational education, which has benefited today. Gu Zhun, a famous economist, graduated from the China vocational school founded by Huang Yanpei and became a talent in Shanghai Lixin Accounting firm. Nowadays, most of the pillars in the field of basic education are secondary normal school graduates. In the past, it was a very normal choice for a student to act according to his ability and get employed early through secondary vocational education to help his family. The early diversion system of general education and vocational education in European countries is based on the functionalist theory of making people with different qualifications take their place and do their best. Today, the proportion of Vocational Education in German speaking countries in Europe and Northern Europe is still as high as 60% - 70%. What matches with it is sound social security, respect for professional culture and the inheritance of "craftsman spirit", and there is no culture that "laborers" despise and discriminate against "laborers". Of course, premature diversion orientation also has obvious disadvantages. In the era of knowledge economy and lifelong education, the trend of reform is to delay the diversion age and build an "Overpass" connecting different types of education. Students can choose many times. This is an important reference for China's high school education reform. The theory of only entering higher education has elevated the function of cultivating people in basic education. Under the binding of exam oriented education and score only education, the function of basic education, especially compulsory education, has been greatly blurred and distorted. "When you open your eyes, it is competition" and "improve one point and kill thousands of people" have become a true portrayal of school life. Students' health, sleep, interpersonal communication, personality cultivation and personality development are not important because they can not be included in the examination evaluation. Therefore, the connotation of education continues to shrink and narrow, from education to teaching, from teaching to exam oriented training. When the educational function of the school is lost, in fact, it becomes a training institution for training "second rate robots". Criticizing exam oriented education must oppose the theory of only entering higher education at the same time. All extremely exam oriented schools have such a powerful saying: the college entrance examination is the only way for poor students to get out of the mountain and change their fate. This needs to be discussed and questioned. At the beginning of universal education, the connotation of "knowledge changes destiny" was clear and clear. A college student came out of a village, which played a very positive role as an example and demonstration. However, after high school education and higher education have entered the popularization stage, the cognition of "going to school is to go to college" needs to be updated, and the saying of "going out of the mountain" has also become old and stale, because it advocates that "everything is inferior, only reading is high". In fact, among the working age population aged 25-64 in China, about 20% have a college degree or above. China's 280 million migrant workers have walked out of the mountain. This reality is realized not through the college entrance examination, but through the process of marketization and urbanization. Still advocating a single theory of entering a higher school is a great misleading to social values. Our "educational software" is still old The education concept of only scores, only examinations and only academic qualifications has a huge market and far-reaching impact in China, because it continues a 1300 year old imperial examination education tradition. After the end of the "Cultural Revolution", the college entrance examination system, which had been interrupted for 10 years, was restored. The educational enthusiasm of the whole nation, which had been suppressed for a long time, was quickly transformed into a strong driving force for examination and further education. However, there were few vigilance and checks and balances against the disadvantages of traditional education. With the restoration of the key school system in primary and secondary schools, the culture of examination first and score first has been revived rapidly. This disadvantage was called "one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate" in the 1980s; In the 1990s, it was directly named "exam oriented education", that is, the education of teaching for exams and learning for exams. Today, Chinese schools are still immersed in the traditional atmosphere of teachers' dignity and examination supremacy. Schools are separated from society and education from life. It is still a basic reality that theories are divorced from reality, indoctrinated and rote memorization. It reminds us that criticizing and transforming traditional education is still a lesson that must be made up for China's educational modernization. At the level of development strategy and system, new China's education is still entangled in another conflict: the dispute between populism and elitism. If we make a rough evaluation, the distinction between these two values is that for the revitalization of the country, what is important is to enable a few people to enjoy full education and cultivate a group of outstanding talents, or to enable the majority to receive the necessary education and cultivate citizens with good quality. It is expressed as the contradiction between "Popularization" and "improvement". In educational practice, There are several important criteria: (1) whether the focus of national education development and education investment is in urban or rural areas; (2) whether the focus of national education development and education investment is in higher education or basic education; (3) Whether primary and secondary schools implement general education focusing on cultivating personality, improving quality and promoting physical and mental health, or education focusing on difficult subject knowledge and enrollment orientation; (4) the school system is face-to-face
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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