Eternal Lighthouse of thought and great power of truth revisit the Manifesto of the Communist Party
2021-12-02
The Communist Manifesto issued in 1848 is the party platform drafted by Marx and Engels for the Communist alliance, the first international proletarian party in the world. It is also a landmark work of the birth of Marxism, which has epoch-making historical significance. For more than 170 years, the Communist Manifesto has had a profound impact on the development of human society, the world socialist movement, and China's socialist revolution, construction and reform. *** *** In September 2021, the audience visited the exhibition of 60 Chinese versions of the Communist Manifesto published from 1920 to 1949 in the Nanhu revolutionary memorial hall in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province. (photo source: People's vision) Studying Marxism is a required course for Communists. The Manifesto of the Communist Party is worthy of our repeated study and in-depth study, and constantly draw ideological nutrition from it. The Manifesto of the Communist Party includes an introduction, four chapters and seven preambles, with more than 25000 words, of which the text is about 15000 words. The seven prefaces, with about 10000 words, are an important organic part of the Communist Manifesto. The first two were written by Marx and Engels, and the last five were written by Engels after Marx's death. The preface expounds the basic ideas and principles of the text from different angles. According to the success or failure of the international communist movement and the rich experience of Marx and Engels, it makes theoretical innovation on the Communist Manifesto with the times, which itself eloquently states that "only by developing Marxism can we adhere to Marxism". The introduction focuses on the historical background, purpose and task of the Communist Manifesto, the text expounds the scientific world outlook, puts forward a series of basic principles of scientific socialism, and reveals the inevitable trend of human society towards communism. The Communist Manifesto puts forward the basic principles of historical materialism and provides human society with a scientific ideological weapon to understand nature and human society. Historical materialism is one of the greatest theoretical contributions of Marx and Engels and the theoretical cornerstone of the whole Marxist scientific system. Engels pointed out in the preface that "the basic idea running through the Declaration: the economic production and the inevitable social structure in each historical era are the political and spiritual historical basis of that era". This incisively expounds the basic principle of historical materialism that social existence determines social consciousness, and points out that productivity determines production relations, economic foundation determines political and spiritual superstructure, which is the basic law of human social development. The Manifesto of the Communist Party puts forward the thought of class struggle and "two inevitability", and reveals the law of social development that the bourgeoisie is bound to perish and the proletariat is bound to win. The Communist Manifesto highly affirmed the important role played by the bourgeoisie in history and greatly promoted the development of productive forces. However, capitalist society has many insurmountable problems, such as periodic economic crisis, the gap between the rich and the poor, alienation and so on. The complete demise of capitalism and the final victory of communism is a long historical process, which requires highly developed material and spiritual conditions. In a fairly long historical period, socialism and capitalism will coexist for a long time, but the historical law of "two inevitability" is inevitable. The Communist Manifesto points out the historical mission of the proletariat and the fundamental way to realize its mission. The Communist Manifesto points out that the proletariat shoulders the historical mission of overthrowing the bourgeois rule and burying the capitalist exploitation system. Because the proletariat is the most advanced, revolutionary, thorough, organized and disciplined class, only the proletariat can lead the oppressed masses to overthrow the capitalist system and establish a new society. The Manifesto of the Communist Party puts forward the thought of proletarian dictatorship and "two breakdowns", which makes it clear that the purpose of the proletariat in mastering political power is to eliminate all classes until the demise of the country. The thought of "two simultaneous interpreting" is "communist revolution is the most thorough break with traditional ownership relations". "In the course of its development, we must carry out the most thorough simultaneous interpreting with traditional ideas." The Communist Manifesto points out that because bourgeois private ownership is the last and most complete expression based on class opposition and exploitation, "in this sense, Communists can summarize their theory in one sentence: eliminate private ownership". As the theory of the proletarian political party, the Communist Manifesto systematically discusses the nature, characteristics, programmatic objectives and strategic principles of the Communist Party. The Communist Manifesto points out that the proletarian political party is a necessary condition for the proletariat to seize power and transform society; The Communist Party is the representative of the overall interests of the proletariat, has no interests different from those of the whole class, and always represents the interests of the whole workers' movement; While fighting for the immediate goals and interests of the working class, the Communists represent the future of the movement; The ultimate goal of the party is to eliminate class antagonism and class differences and establish a new social system. If the proletariat wants to seize political power and transform society, it cannot rely on spontaneous movements. It must establish its own political organization, that is, a political party. The Manifesto of the Communist Party depicts the prospect of the future new society and puts forward the idea of "free man union". The Communist Manifesto points out that the future society will be a "Consortium" of free people; There, everyone's free development is the condition for everyone's free development. Everyone's free and all-round development is the value goal pursued by scientific socialism. Only everyone can develop freely can everyone develop freely. The Communist Manifesto criticized all kinds of Communist schools at that time and drew a clear line between scientific socialism and other socialism. For example, criticizing Feudal Socialism is "half elegy, half slander, half echo of the past and half intimidation of the future"; "Real" socialism "is to reconcile the new French ideas with their old philosophical beliefs." it is "a set of poor primary school students' homework and boasting German Socialism", which just acts as "the spokesman of the small citizens"; The improvement of "conservative or bourgeois socialism" will not change the relationship between capital and wage labor at all, but can only reduce the ruling cost of the bourgeoisie and simplify its financial management; The biggest problem of Utopian communism is "rejecting all political actions, especially all revolutionary actions" and "trying to achieve their goals through peaceful means". By criticizing these different schools, Marx eliminated their interference with the struggle of the proletarian movement. *** Socialism with Chinese characteristics stands tall and has a unique scenery. Rereading the Manifesto of the Communist Party has important enlightening significance for understanding the decisive significance of "two establishment", enhancing the consciousness of "two maintenance", deeply promoting the construction of clean government and the fight against corruption, and tempering the party spirit and Party style. First, we should conscientiously enhance our ideological, political and action consciousness, uphold the "two establishment" and resolutely achieve the "two maintenance". *** "Two establishment" reflects the will of the whole Party and the voice of the people. It is the call of the times, the choice of history and the aspiration of the people. Establishing and maintaining the leading core of the proletarian party is the basic viewpoint of Marxist Party building theory and an important symbol of a mature Marxist party. *** Resolutely adhering to the "two safeguards" is a major principled issue related to the future and destiny of the party and the country, the primary task of the party's political construction, and the fundamental political discipline and political rules that the whole Party must abide by. Discipline inspection and supervision organs shoulder special missions and major responsibilities in the "two maintenance". They should strive to find and solve the problems of weak "four awareness", "four self-confidence" and "two maintenance", promote the whole party to improve its political judgment, political understanding and political execution, and more consciously implement the requirements of the major decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee, We will earnestly focus on the overall situation of modernization and play a role in supervising, ensuring implementation and promoting sound development. *** Being brave in self revolution is the most distinctive character and the greatest advantage of our party. *** *** In theory, to run the party strictly in an all-round way, we should first look at politics, constantly improve political judgment, political understanding and political execution, adhere to the "six unity", and point out a firm direction for running the party strictly in an all-round way. On the road, we always adhere to the fundamental political position of taking the people as the center, maintain the high-pressure situation of punishing corruption, unswervingly "beat the tiger", "shoot the fly" and "hunt the fox", and deepen the comprehensive and strict governance of the party with our perseverance on the road forever. In terms of system, we should put the system construction in a more prominent position, strengthen the innovation of anti-corruption system and mechanism and system guarantee, implement the strategy of "three noes" in one in all aspects of discipline rectification and anti-corruption, preliminarily realize the goal of not daring to rot, tighten the cage that can not rot, and build a dam that does not want to rot. In terms of reform, we will promote the reform of the party's discipline inspection system, the national supervision system and discipline inspection and supervision institutions, take inner-party supervision as the leading role, and turn administrative supervision departments, corruption prevention institutions and procuratorial organs into anti-corruption organizations
Edit：Luo yu Responsible editor：Wang xiao jing
Source：Website of the State Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee
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