Scientific and technological innovation of cultural relics is arranged in the whole chain to put scientific and technological "armor" on cultural relics
2021-11-19
Recently, the general office of the State Council issued the 14th five year plan for cultural relics protection and scientific and technological innovation (hereinafter referred to as the plan). This time, the development plan in the field of cultural relics was upgraded to a national special plan for the first time, and the word "scientific and technological innovation" was directly written into the planning title for the first time. Li Qun, Vice Minister of the Ministry of culture and tourism and director of the State Administration of cultural relics, said that the plan has set up a special chapter, carried out a "whole chain" layout for improving the scientific and technological innovation ability of cultural relics, put forward some breakthrough measures, and set up a special section or special content in important business segments to explain the strengthening, application and promotion of scientific and technological innovation in this field, So as to give full play to the leading and supporting role of science and technology. What are the highlights of this plan full of science and technology? Using science and technology to find the "password" of cultural relics disaster prevention Some time ago, heavy rains fell in Henan, Shanxi and other places, and the fate of local cultural relics affected people's hearts. Cultural relics are non renewable, irreplaceable and very valuable resources. Li Qun said that the plan has put forward a series of measures to strengthen the protection of cultural relics. We should not only protect and protect some high-level cultural relics, but also continuously improve the preservation status of low-level cultural relics. By 2025, the transformation of national security units from rescue protection to preventive protection should be basically realized. We should establish a long-term mechanism for the safety of cultural relics and properly handle the relationship between cultural relics protection and social and economic development. Li Qun talked about the disaster in Shanxi, a large cultural and rich province. In early October, serious floods broke out in Shanxi and Henan. According to statistics, a total of 1783 cultural relics in Shanxi have been damaged to varying degrees. Some cultural relics have leaking roofs and cracked walls, some foundations have collapsed, and some museums have a small area of water inflow. Li Qun said that the vast number of cultural relics workers "moved at the news of the flood" and carried out rescue and support for the damaged cultural relics and eliminated the danger at the first time. At present, the State Administration of cultural relics and cultural relics departments at all levels have organized cultural relics experts from all aspects and are orderly promoting the risk elimination and disposal, protection and repair of damaged cultural relics. After the flood, on the one hand, they should maintain and repair the damaged cultural relics. On the other hand, they are also thinking about how to improve the ability of disaster prevention and reduction of cultural relics. In the plan, the following measures are also put forward: first, strengthen monitoring and early warning, establish and improve a comprehensive risk monitoring and evaluation system for cultural relics disasters, and be a "prophet". Second, formulate an emergency plan to effectively improve the emergency management level of cultural relics protection. Once a dangerous situation occurs, it can be handled in an orderly manner according to the requirements of the plan. Third, carry out comprehensive risk investigation of cultural relics and natural disasters, and implement projects such as cultural relics reinforcement and disaster prevention and control. Li Qun said that at the same time, in view of the impact of climate change on cultural relics, we should strengthen scientific research and technological application, and use science and technology to find the "password" for disaster prevention. "This rainfall is mainly in the areas with little rain in the north. In the past, the cultural relics in these areas have been well protected, largely because of the dry climate. However, the rainfall in these areas has increased significantly in recent years. Therefore, we should strengthen the application of scientific research and technology in disaster prevention during the 14th Five Year Plan period," Li Qun said. National system layout science and Technology Archaeology platform Wu Yuanbin, director of the social development science and Technology Department of the Ministry of science and technology, said that the protection of cultural relics depends on science and technology. The Ministry of science and technology, together with the State Administration of cultural relics and other departments, continued to increase support for scientific and technological innovation of cultural relics, focusing on scientific and technological support, civilization source exploration, cultural heritage and cultural relics protection, successively launched major scientific and technological projects such as the source exploration project of Chinese civilization, and deployed and implemented a number of special tasks of national key R & D plans, Effectively promote the research on major scientific issues and tackle key common technologies. He summed up the four key points of cultural relics scientific and technological innovation during the 14th Five Year Plan period. First, persevere in strengthening basic research. Through the National Natural Science Foundation and other platforms to guide the development of institutionalized interdisciplinary research and improve the theoretical system of cultural relics protection in China. The second is to promote the tackling of key common technologies. Deploy relevant special projects in the national key R & D plan, and strive to make some new breakthroughs in cultural relics safety, monitoring and early warning, archaeological exploration and residue analysis, structural stability evaluation of cultural relics, and salvage protection of cultural relics in the collection. Third, optimize the allocation of scientific and technological resources. Strengthen the platform and capacity-building in the research of cultural relics protection, and lay out a technical research platform in the direction of scientific and technological archaeology and protection in the system of state key laboratories. Fourth, promote the application and demonstration of scientific and technological innovation achievements. Let more people devote themselves to the cause of culture and Museum In fact, there is a problem of "small horses pulling big cars" in the protection of cultural relics. Li Qun said that according to current statistics, China has 767000 immovable cultural relics and 108 million movable cultural relics, but there are only 175700 employees in the whole industry. "Some cultural relics protection and management institutions in major cities and counties are still relatively weak, mainly because 170000 employees are short of money compared with the large number of immovable and movable cultural relics." Li Qun said that in recent years, with the great attention of the Party Central Committee and the strong support of the central organization Department, the central editorial office and other relevant departments, Remarkable progress has been made in building the contingent of cultural relics institutions in China. He said that according to the plan, during the 14th Five Year Plan period, we will continue to implement comprehensive policies and strive to achieve greater results. On the one hand, we should vigorously cultivate new people and strengthen team construction. The Cultural Relics Bureau will work closely with the Ministry of education, the Ministry of human resources and social security and other departments to promote qualified colleges and universities to appropriately expand the enrollment scale of archaeology related majors and develop vocational education majors such as cultural relics restoration and archaeological technology. Pay attention to strengthening the joint training of cultural relics protection talents in relevant industries, and implement the construction project of cultural relics talents in the new era. We will comprehensively promote the implementation of the favorable policies of the central government, verify and implement the quantitative standards for the protection of cultural relics and the allocation of archaeological professionals, strengthen the construction of cultural relics protection and archaeological teams at all levels, ensure that there are institutions and special personnel at the grass-roots level to undertake the protection of cultural relics, strengthen the training and expand the team construction. On the other hand, we should deepen the reform, explore the talent management mechanism suitable for the characteristics of the cultural and Expo industry, and make up for the current lack of strength through the purchase of services by the government. Guide more social subjects to join the team of cultural relics protection, and absorb social forces to participate in the archaeological investigation and exploration of construction projects in accordance with laws and regulations. We will implement a more active and open talent policy, innovate the employment methods of cultural relics skilled talents, promote cultural and Museum units to establish a revenue distribution mechanism reflecting the value of innovative elements, and constantly stimulate the vitality of talents. "More people should be involved in the important and sacred cause of cultural relics protection," Li Qun stressed. (outlook new era)
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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