How to protect the great sites during the 14th Five Year Plan period
2021-11-19
According to the State Administration of cultural relics, the "14th five year plan" for the protection and utilization of large sites (hereinafter referred to as the "plan") has been issued recently. Key words: protection status of a major site Great sites are the core cultural relics resources that demonstrate China's million year human history, 10000 year cultural history and 5000 year civilization history. The reporter learned from the State Administration of cultural relics that in 2005, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of cultural relics jointly issued the measures for the management of special funds for the protection of large sites, and officially launched the protection project of large sites. With the support of development and reform, finance, natural resources (original land) and other departments, the State Administration of cultural relics has continuously formulated and implemented the special plans for the protection of major sites in the eleventh five year plan, the Twelfth Five Year Plan and the thirteenth five year plan, continuously guided all localities to carry out archaeological research, cultural relics protection, exhibition and utilization, cultural inheritance and other work of major sites, and initially formed the core of "six areas, four lines and one circle" Based on the protection pattern of large sites supported by 150 large sites, 36 national archaeological sites parks were evaluated and announced, and 7 large sites such as the Grand Canal, the Silk Road, Liangzhu, Yin Ruins, Laosicheng and Xanadu were included in the world heritage list. Key words: strengthening national attribute According to the person in charge of the Department of cultural relics protection and Archaeology of the State Administration of cultural relics, the plan strengthens the national attribute. The plan takes large sites as an important part of building the identification system of Chinese civilization, proposes to build a new pattern for the protection and utilization of large sites in the new era, improve the planning system of large sites, and incorporate large sites into national cultural parks and national parks, highlighting the national macro guidance. The reporter noted that the list of major sites in the "14th five year plan" period published by the planning has increased or decreased compared with the "13th five year plan" period. The person in charge said that this is the performance of strengthening the national attribute. He said that when determining the large sites during the 14th Five Year Plan period, we should focus on important ancient sites and ancient tombs that can reflect the main line of the development of Chinese civilization, and timely add major new archaeological discoveries to ensure the typicality and representativeness of the large sites. At the same time, the plan clearly puts forward the central leadership and central local interaction, encourages qualified places to build provincial archaeological site parks, and attaches importance to mobilizing the enthusiasm and initiative of local people's governments. Key words three: tamping foundation work On the basis of fully combing and summarizing the previous achievements in the protection of large sites, the plan continues to strengthen the basic work according to the new situation and new requirements, including Archaeology of large sites, space use control, theoretical and institutional research and scientific and technological application, rescue and protection of cultural relics, etc. The reporter saw that the plan puts forward the basic principle of "adhering to archaeological support and protection first", refines the tasks during the 14th Five Year Plan period, and formulates 8 main tasks and 14 key tasks, such as the major project of "archaeological China", the construction of archaeological specimen warehouse in key national areas, and the implementation of the policy of "archaeology first and then transfer" The construction of cultural, scientific and technological innovation base and the rescue and protection project of cultural relics of large sites in border areas are all to further consolidate the foundation for the protection and utilization of large sites. Key words: improving utilization level High level display and utilization is the main way for the protection achievements to benefit the people. The reporter noted that the plan pays more attention to utilization than the first three "five-year plans". In the chapter of "basic principles", the planning puts forward the principles of rational utilization, innovation driven and integrated development, and defines the direction and requirements of utilization. Two of the eight main tasks are related to utilization: "improving the display and utilization level of large sites" and "promoting the high-quality development of the National Archaeological Site Park". For example, the plan requires to focus on 30 large open sites such as Wanshouyan site and Yangshao village site, further optimize the facilities such as display and exhibition, logo interpretation, landscape greening, road traffic and tourist service, improve the opening service level of large sites, and provide more open, shared and profound public spaces for the people. We should also focus on the display and utilization of large sites such as Shimao site and Taosi site, so as to realize the opening of 60 ~ 70 large sites to the outside world. The plan also requires that a number of research and practice courses be developed around the archaeology and value connotation of large sites, which will combine the popularization of Archaeology and cultural relics protection knowledge and the strengthening of Chinese history and culture education, with knowledge, interest and ideology, and form 10 ~ 15 influential research and practice boutique lines. In addition, relying on the large site, we should build 5 ~ 10 research and practice bases with good demonstration and driving effect, equipped with special facilities and research and exchange places with the function of teaching in fun, provide excellent learning, practice, living and other conditions and safety guarantee, and enhance the sense of Chinese civilization experience of the public, especially teenagers, at the site of the large site. Key words: five assessment to ensure implementation How to ensure the implementation of the 8 main tasks and 14 key tasks required by the plan? According to the person in charge, the plan adopts the combination of qualitative and quantitative indicators to put forward the assessment indicators for the protection and utilization of large sites during the 14th Five Year Plan period. For example, build 20 archaeological specimen warehouses in national key areas, complete the collection of basic information of 100 important large sites, publish 20 ~ 30 archaeological reports of important large sites, further open 60 ~ 70 large sites to the outside world, and add 10 ~ 15 National Archaeological Site parks. At the same time, taking full account of the complexity of the protection and utilization of large sites, we still emphasize consolidating the foundation, paying attention to demonstration cases, and put forward qualitative requirements in archaeological research, theoretical research, technological innovation and the construction of national archaeological site parks, especially for theoretical research and system design such as preventive protection, rights and interests distribution, cultural relics compensation and land increase and decrease, Give priority to encouragement and support, and advocate institutional innovation, experiment and exploration of local people's governments. The person in charge said that the plan focuses on the existing policy dividends, actively connects with the existing policies such as national parks, national cultural parks, national cultural relics protection and utilization demonstration areas, national inter ministerial joint conference mechanism for cultural relics safety, research and education, and strives to maximize the policy advantages. (outlook new era)
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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