Appreciation of Qiyan Temple Pagoda group and Ta Ming
2021-11-12
Qiyan Temple Pagoda group is located on Zhongtiao Mountain in the southeast of Xiasi village, Hanyang Town, Yongji City, Shanxi Province. According to the records of Puzhou Prefecture in the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1736-1795), the temple was first named lingju and was founded in the reign of Jiande of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (572-577). The emperor of the current Dynasty advocated Buddhism, attached himself to the famous temple and sent the Buddhist relic son to 30 prefectures. The imperial edict ordered that the pagoda be erected at the same time on October 15 of that year. The relic pagoda of the temple is one of them, which has a history of more than 1400 years. In the first year of Renshou in Sui Dynasty (601), it was renamed Qiyan temple. In Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was the most famous among the temples in Hedong. The upper, middle and lower temples with huge scale, magnificent momentum and distribution area of more than 1.1 million square meters were built at the top, hillside and foot of the mountain, with a maximum of more than 1000 monks. Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty once offered agate Zhanshi temple as a gift from foreign countries. Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty (628-683) and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (685-762) also spent the summer in the temple. Qiyan Temple became famous all over the world for a time and became a Buddhist holy land for a time. It attracted many celebrities to visit and left a large number of precious historical sites. Many famous scholars in the Tang Dynasty wrote poems about Qiyan temple. Lu Lun and Li Yi, the ten talents of the Dali calendar, wrote poems about Qiyan temple. Wu Wen (1644-1704), a famous poet in the Qing Dynasty, was originally from Liaoyang, Fengtian, and later from Puzhou, Shanxi (now Yongji). She once lived in seclusion here. Every day, in addition to participating in Zen and incense, she recited poetry and wrote articles to spend her old age in peace. According to Chang Zheng, a 67 year old former director of the price bureau of Yongji city and a native of Xiasi village, Yan Jingming, Minister of military aircraft of the late Qing Dynasty (1817-1892), originally from Dali, Shaanxi Province, set up a private school here to teach Sinology in his later years. According to historical records, among the upper, middle and lower temples of the original Qiyan temple, the upper temple is the main temple, and there are Daxiong hall, kunlu hall, Buddhist temple, Daochang, Wangchuan Pavilion, Tanyan cave, relic brick tower and other buildings. Unfortunately, they were all destroyed. At present, there are only stone gate cave, plank road, Wangchuan Pavilion, Buddha Hall and other sites. Qiyan Temple Pagoda group now has one grand Zen master Pagoda in the Tang Dynasty, one stone pagoda in the later Tang Dynasty of the Five Dynasties, one relic Pagoda in the Song Dynasty, two hexagonal two-story brick pagodas in the Yuan Dynasty, and Zen master pagodas and pagodas in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. As a Buddhist holy land in the history of Buddhism, Qiyan temple has 26 pagodas and 31 tower bases. Each tower is a brick shaped tomb tower. All of them adopt the dry pendulum masonry method, commonly known as the brick grinding and butt joint process. They are laid flat and staggered layers. They still stand for thousands of years. They are precious physical materials for the study of Architectural Science, architectural technology, architectural art and architectural history, It has high scientific and cultural value. It provides specific, detailed and reliable material materials for the study of the spread of Buddhist culture in the east of the ancient river and even the "Golden Triangle of the Yellow River" in Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan and the development and evolution of pagoda shape from Sui, Tang, Ming and Qing Dynasties to more than 1400 years, and reflects the architectural style, scientific and technological level and humanistic history of a specific era. The pagoda inscription of Qiyan temple is a Buddhist style with unique Chinese cultural characteristics. It took shape in the northern and Southern Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, it gradually became large-scale due to the participation of many scholars, and has high ideological, literary and appreciation value. The Qiyan Temple Pagoda group has preserved more than 20 inscriptions from Sui and Tang Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties, mainly including the monument to the relic tower of Qiyan Daochang, Shoushan, Hedong County, great Sui Dynasty, the tower inscription of the great Zen master of Qiyan temple in Tang Dynasty, and the imperial edict monument of Yuan Dynasty. The monument to the relic tower of Qiyan Daochang, Shoushan, Hedong County, big Sui Dynasty, the monument body is connected with the monument head, with a height of 3.34m, a width of 0.99m-1.15m and a thickness of 0.35m-0.39m. There are 16 large characters in the seal script "monument to the relic tower of Qiyan Daochang, Shoushan, Hedong County, the Sui Dynasty", with 35 lines of inscriptions and 70 words in regular script. It is a national first-class cultural relic in Yongji Museum. In 1979, the State Administration of cultural relics announced it as "the first batch of calligraphy art monuments in China". The TA Ming of the great Zen master of Qiyan temple in the Tang Dynasty, also known as the TA Ming of Zhitong Zen master of Qiyan temple, is 70cm high, 89cm wide and 11cm-14cm thick. It is made of green stone. The TA Ming running script is about 600 words. The full text is mainly divided into upper and lower parts, published and engraved in the 13th year of Tianbao of the Tang Dynasty (754). The inscription is written by the "master of Longxing Temple, Salmonella Fuyu", in memory of the Zhitong Zen master from Qiji Town, Yuanyu Township County. TA Ming's writing style is neat and rigorous. He quotes a large number of well-known and popular idioms and allusions, such as min dunding, spare power, Guanji Qun Meng, Yizhu dense system, etc. his literary grace is brilliant and profound. Once it is published, it will attract people's attention. Most of the inscriptions of the Tang Dynasty have strict laws and close structures, while the TA Ming of the great Zen master in Qiyan Temple of the Tang Dynasty is full of posture, vigorous and Qiu bearded, with clumsy and beautiful coexistence and strong and beautiful coexistence. As if in the almost primitive gold hook and silver drawing, it contains the aura of heaven and earth, showing the grace and elegance, round strength and beauty, simple, light, beautiful, flexible and unrestrained bearing of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Qigong, a famous contemporary Chinese calligrapher and painter and cultural relic appraiser, treasures all kinds of ancient extentions, except for his heartfelt love for TA Ming, the Zhitong Zen master of Qiyan temple. In his comments on Ta Ming's rubbings, he wrote: "It's naive and charming. It's strong enough to force the mountain shade up and enlighten the rice old down. There are three defects in the wonderful structure, but it's sparse and meaningful. Among them, there are only hot spring inscriptions and Tongshen ears in the other carving of the square." Shanyin "in the text refers to Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher of the Jin Dynasty who once lived in Kuaiji Shanyin," rice old " It refers to Mi Fu, a great calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. Qigong has a high evaluation of TA Ming's calligraphy. TA Ming is also famous in all directions because of Qigong. In October 2019, Qiyan Temple Pagoda group was announced as the eighth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. (outlook new era)
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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