Revitalize pension resources and build a new model of basic pension services in Guangzhou
2021-11-08
The elderly population in Guangzhou accounts for about 1/5 of the registered residence population and the demand for pension services is strong. In recent years, by building a basic elderly care service system for all, Guangzhou has clarified the boundary between the government and the market, thoroughly guaranteed and activated the market, responded to the problem of "who will do, how to do and how to fund" for basic elderly care, and provided accessible, diverse and high-quality elderly care services for the elderly. In the investigation, the reporter of economic reference daily found that in order to maintain the sustainable development of the basic elderly care service system, we should also solve the problems of insufficient talent supply and low degree of specialization. Ripple type global pension circle appears The pace of aging adaptation is accelerating, the Yikang center has achieved full coverage of streets and towns, and the degree of social forces participating in the construction of elderly care institutions is deepening... Guangzhou has built a global elderly care circle of "bedside, side and surrounding" in time and space, focusing on the location, demand and purchasing power of the elderly, effectively changing the previous supply-demand dislocation of "it is difficult to find a public bed, and no one cares about the private". First, the bed "moves" into the house and the end "lives". "The elderly care institution has helped my family adapt to aging and intelligent transformation, and nurses come to serve me at any time." Huang Bingsheng, 66, applied for a family elderly care bed, and can enjoy the professional services of the elderly care institution at home. Aunt Fang, who lives in Fanghe garden, Liwan District, Guangzhou, also said that the family pension bed solves the worries at home alone, and the quality of home pension has been guaranteed. "Old age does not leave home" first is to make "home" meet the professional requirements of old age. Yan Fuchang, deputy director of the elderly care department of Guangzhou Civil Affairs Bureau, said that the aging transformation, intelligent facilities and professional services were introduced into the home, taking into account the life care and risk prevention and control of the elderly. The basic aging adaptation is about 3000 yuan. You can enjoy government subsidies and long-term insurance reimbursement every month. "You can enjoy the professional services of elderly care institutions in familiar homes with little money, and the elderly care services need to be 'revitalized' all at once." as of September this year, 16000 family elderly care beds have been built in Guangzhou. Second, the community "nursing home" can be supported "reliably". In order to meet the strong demand of the elderly for convenient elderly care, many urban communities in China have explored the construction of embedded elderly care institutions. In Guangzhou, the relevant legal system has long determined that old and new communities must be equipped with pension centers to provide inclusive pension for the elderly. For the incomprehension of a few owners, on the one hand, relevant departments strengthen communication with the masses, on the other hand, carry out open day activities to eliminate misunderstandings among the masses, and accept "nurseries" embedded in the community by understanding professional community elderly care services. The environment is good, intelligent, many activities and not expensive. This is the feeling of the reporter when he visited Yikang centers in many streets and towns in Guangzhou. These centres provide 8-hour day care for the elderly in the community. They also provide daily health monitoring, rehabilitation sports, culture and entertainment, lunch and midday care for the elderly with light / moderate care needs. At present, 179 Yikang centers with comprehensive functions have been built in Guangzhou to make up for the defect that family pension can only rely on children. Third, the organization continues to expand and the central "pocket" is firm. In order to serve families that really need the support of professional elderly care institutions, Guangzhou continues to promote the construction of nursing homes and the improvement of service quality. In recent years, private elderly care institutions in Guangzhou have developed rapidly, increasing the supply of elderly care services. The data show that among the 251 existing pension institutions in Guangzhou, 192 are private pension institutions, and 75% of the pension beds in the city are provided by social forces. The reporter learned that the pension subsidy policy in Guangzhou focuses on supplementing services rather than institutions and hardware, which blocks the loophole of drilling policy loopholes, allows the market to focus on serving the pension needs of the people, and effectively solves the problem of "it is difficult to find a public bed and no one cares for the private people". Focus on cracking "who will do it, how to do it, and how to get money" How to answer the question of "what to do when you get old", Guangzhou "breaks the question" from three aspects: "how to do it, who will do it, and how to get money". First, the system is rigid, and the rights and responsibilities of all parties are clear. In June this year, Guangzhou clarified the legal concept and supporting measures of basic elderly care services in the form of local legislation, clarified the list of 24 basic elderly care services in five categories, and clarified the parts that the government, the market and individuals should bear in elderly care services, so that the elderly can "have a price to rely on" and "have a law to rely on" when enjoying elderly care services. Up to now, Guangzhou has issued more than 60 policy documents and supporting standards to provide policy support in aging transformation, family pension beds, construction of pension institutions and cultivation of pension service professionals. Li Rui, director of the publicity and regulation department of Guangzhou Civil Affairs Bureau, said that clarifying the extension and connotation of basic services in the form of law provides a legal basis for improving a series of policies on basic elderly care services, defines the boundary of government responsibility, is neither absent nor offside, and effectively ensures that all the elderly have fair access to basic elderly care services. Second, rely on social forces to cultivate the elderly care service industry. Today, 75% of the elderly care beds, 98% of the home-based elderly care service complex, 97.5% of the elderly canteens and 95% of the domestic elderly care services in Guangzhou are provided by social forces, which is inseparable from the long-term policy promotion of the government. "It's policy that pushes enterprises to go!" said Wang Wei, vice president of Huabang meijiayuan elderly care group Co., Ltd. that elderly care institutions cannot achieve long-term development only by relying on government subsidies. Under the guidance of the government, enterprises rely on professional and high-quality services to obtain more resources. "At present, there are 30000 to 40000 customers within our service radius and 600000 theoretical customers. Good policies let us see great prospects". Third, long-term care insurance helps families reduce their burden. The cost of caring for the disabled elderly is a great burden for families. In this regard, Guangzhou has fully launched long-term care insurance, which is not only helping families reduce their burden, but also releasing the needs of more elderly people to enjoy elderly care services. Guangzhou has been piloting long-term care insurance since August 2017. From this year, the coverage will be expanded from severely disabled persons to all disabled persons with nursing needs. People do not need to pay long-term insurance premiums separately, but set aside a certain proportion according to age in medical insurance. Diversified financing mechanisms have provided a capital pool for basic elderly care services and ensured the sustainability of the system. Sustainable development still needs multiple efforts 10 yuan canteen for the elderly, 20 yuan day care, 300 Yuan University for the elderly, long-term care insurance with an reimbursement ratio of up to half, and using idle government properties... Guangzhou spends a small amount of money to do big things and explore the establishment of basic elderly care services for everyone. However, it still needs many efforts to form a sustainable basic elderly care service system. First of all, the future development of long-term insurance needs overall design. At present, long-term care insurance is only implemented in pilot areas such as Guangzhou. In reality, due to the high mobility of personnel, it is likely that they paid insurance when they were young and could not enjoy pension in non pilot areas. At the same time, the method of cutting part of the premium from medical insurance in pilot areas such as Guangzhou is difficult for some areas with small balance, and the medical insurance fund itself has been under great pressure. We should consider establishing independent insurance types and expanding the capital pool of elderly care services. Secondly, the supply of pension talents needs to be strengthened systematically. Although many governments give preferential treatment to elderly care nurses in terms of job subsidies, household policies and children's schooling, few people are willing to engage in elderly care services. Wang Lijun, President of Guangzhou social welfare and elderly care service association, believes that treatment is the most critical factor. In particular, vocational and technical assessment is not linked to welfare treatment, which affects young people's willingness to enter the elderly care industry to a certain extent. "Under the pressure of survival, young people can't rely on love alone." Thirdly, strive to improve the degree of specialization of elderly care services. Community elderly care nurses first need to learn the basic knowledge of elderly care. According to the particularity of the community scene, they also need to learn skills such as home-based elderly care, environment and safety of elderly care places, elderly care procedures, prevention of common geriatric diseases and emergency treatment, so as to meet the needs of community home-based elderly care services. Professionals suggest to build a professional evaluation system for elderly care services, implement the industry management regulations of the established elderly care service industry, explore and formulate management rules for elderly care institutions in line with the local actual situation, and vigorously promote industry norms and quality standards. At the same time, guide social pension institutions to establish industry associations and promote the continuous improvement of pension service standards and levels. (outlook new era)
Edit：Ming Wu Responsible editor：Haoxuan Qi
Source：jjckb.cn
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