After the "double reduction", why is the qualification examination for primary and secondary school teachers still popular
2021-11-08
Recently, in the second half of 2021, the primary and secondary school teacher qualification examination (written examination) was opened in most provinces in China. The number of applicants in many places hit a "record high". Just take Wuhan as an example. In 2019, Wuhan was one of the six test areas with more than 100000 candidates in China, and the number of candidates was 104000. This time, the number of candidates in Wuhan reached 128900. Just as the "teaching endowment" examination was in full swing, Ordos, a city located in the western inland, made a notice of recruiting Tsinghua and Peking University graduates as primary and secondary school teachers with an annual salary of 600000 yuan. This news makes the topics related to the teacher qualification examination become the focus of social discussion again. It is not new that the heat of primary and secondary school teacher qualification examination continues to rise. According to the data released by the Ministry of education, the number of candidates nationwide reached 5.9 million in the second half of 2019, more than double the number of candidates in the first half of the year, and the number of examinees in the whole year was nearly 9 million. However, by 2020, the sudden epidemic has brought many uncertain factors to the qualification examination of primary and secondary school teachers. This year, with the introduction of the "double reduction" policy, primary and secondary school after-school training institutions that once had a "strong rise" in the job market have also ushered in an adjustment period, and many institutions have seen the transfer of on-the-job teachers. Many people will have this question: why is the number of people taking the qualification examination for primary and secondary school teachers still growing this year? Is the profession of teacher really popular? What impact will the popularity of teacher qualification examination bring to China's teacher industry? To this end, the reporter of China Youth Daily · China Youth Network interviewed a number of candidates and experts. Will the "double reduction" policy cool the heat of teacher qualification examination In July this year, the central government issued the "double reduction" policy. In order to truly and effectively reduce the homework burden and after-school training burden of primary and middle school students, the whole after-school training industry has ushered in a large-scale adjustment. Many people believe that the adjustment will certainly reduce the heat of the teacher qualification examination. Last year, according to the 2020 employment report of Chinese college students released by Mycos, the industry with the largest employment proportion of 2019 undergraduate graduates is "education". Specifically, the fastest growing is "private primary and secondary schools and teaching auxiliary institutions". The reporter of Zhongqing daily · zhongqing.com also saw at many job fairs for fresh graduates that there is always a "long dragon" in front of the stalls of some famous after-school training institutions. However, after a little understanding of the after-school training industry, the views of many college students have changed. Tian Xin has just graduated from a 985 University. Because of "higher income" and "less restrictions", Tian Xin is ready to work in training institutions, "But after I really entered the education and training institution, I learned that in order to make my class's grades higher, I had to strive for 'more difficult' when preparing lessons, so I 'rolled' the students' learning in advance 'and' learning beyond the standard '. In order to allow more students to continue classes, I had to dance or perform on the podium from time to time during class," Tian Xin said, "Even if there is no policy change, I don't think the prospect of the education and training industry is optimistic, because this practice violates the law of education. In addition, I don't like this teaching environment and atmosphere." Tian Xin's feelings coincide with the views of experts. "In the short term, the governance of social training institutions has affected the employment of some teachers in out of school training institutions to a certain extent." Professor Zhang Shuang, vice president of the school of education of Capital Normal University, said that the Policy Governance is those non-standard after-school training institutions, and the training institutions that respect the educational law and meet the qualification requirements are still running as usual. In addition, the diversified and selective learning needs of students also exist objectively. Therefore, in the long run, training institutions are still one of the components of the education system, Just respect common sense, respect the law and play a role within the boundary. Although under the influence of the "double reduction" policy, many teachers of after-school training institutions choose to leave or transfer jobs, it has little impact on the choice of college students facing graduation. Tian Xin is a 2021 graduate. "Few of my current or next students give up the teacher qualification examination." "In fact, the determinant of whether college students take the teacher qualification examination depends on the employment situation," said Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Educational Sciences. A fact that can not be ignored is that according to the data released by the Ministry of education, the total number of college graduates in 2021 is 9.09 million. In addition, some previous unemployed graduates are also looking for jobs. Under the competition, holding more than one certificate means more "way out". Zhang Junyan, a master's degree graduate from Renmin University of China, is one of them. "I was very anxious when I didn't find a job. I thought I might take the path of a teacher, so I signed up." Zhang Junyan said that he set his goal for public schools, "If I am a teacher, I value the stability of this profession and the strong social value of this job." However, being a teacher is only an option for Zhang Junyan. He hopes that the more such options, the better, during his job search. The stability of the teaching profession gives college students who are in a period of career anxiety a great sense of stability. Many college students will join the army of "teaching endowment" examination. "Novel coronavirus pneumonia occupation has been published at various levels in recent years. In particular, the reform of the teaching staff has been released, which has sent a very positive signal to attract excellent talents to enter the teaching team. Meanwhile, the social position of teachers' occupation has been steadily improved, especially in the past two years, with a stable occupational change under the new crown pneumonia epidemic situation. They are more attractive, valued by the state, have a high social status and have room for career development. "Zhang Shuang said that these factors increase the possibility of young people choosing to participate in the" teaching endowment "examination. If there are more people doing research, will there be more good teachers Behind the craze of "teaching endowment" examination is the expectation of the whole society for high-quality teachers and high-quality education. In recent years, the state has always attached importance to the construction of teachers and the improvement of teachers' professional ability. In January 2018, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the opinions on comprehensively deepening the construction and reform of teachers in the new era, which clearly stated that to improve the access and recruitment system of primary and secondary school teachers, new teachers must obtain teacher qualifications; in June 2019, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the opinions on comprehensively deepening the construction and reform of teachers in the new era In the opinions on deepening education and teaching reform and comprehensively improving the quality of compulsory education, it is emphasized again that the teacher qualification access system should be strictly enforced. Some experts pointed out that the "teaching endowment" examination is the "entrance pass", which is to select and attract more excellent talents into the teaching team from the entrance. When more and more young college students take the "teaching endowment" examination, does it mean that more and more excellent teachers will emerge in the future? "The continuous growth of the number of people participating in the teacher qualification examination will inevitably form a basic ecology of selecting the best among the best, which will certainly help to improve the quality of teachers," Zhang Shuang said. Some experts believe that although the teacher qualification examination has continued to heat up in recent years, there are still insufficient people with teacher qualification certificates in China. "The increase in recent years is basically in large and medium-sized cities, counties or villages below the county level. There are still too few people with teacher qualification certificates, even 'one radish and one pit'." Chu Zhaohui said that in Japan, the ratio of people with teacher qualification certificates to on-the-job teachers is 8:1. The logic behind the expert point of view is: the more people with teacher qualifications, the school will have more choice space, and the quality of teachers will be guaranteed. However, for the teacher industry, what kind of talents are excellent talents? What kind of people can become good teachers? In recent years, many local primary and secondary schools have offered attractive high salaries to attract famous school graduates to teach. In some places, there has even been a situation that "half of the interviews of middle school teachers are doctors". For this phenomenon, several experts interviewed by the reporter held a positive attitude. "The teacher industry deserves the entry of the best talents, and the primary and secondary school teacher profession should not have academic qualifications." Zhang Shuang said that the entry of highly educated talents into primary and secondary schools is not overqualified. In addition to being a place for education, primary and secondary schools are also a place where many hot and difficult problems gather, which needs to be studied and solved. This is an inevitable path to fundamentally change the quality of Teachers. Only when more and more excellent talents enter the teachers can it be possible to cultivate better teenagers. However, some experts worry that there will be "only academic qualifications" and "only famous schools" in teacher recruitment. Rui, who graduated with a master's degree from the Chinese University of Hong Kong last year, applied to a public primary school in Shenzhen. In fact, Rui has never had the idea of becoming a teacher. Her ideal is to be a media worker. Because she has not found her favorite unit, she began to think of another way out. One of Rui's classmates studied at Beijing Normal University as an undergraduate. At that time, the classmate was preparing to apply for the school in Shenzhen, "I learned about it and found that primary and secondary schools can also give such a high salary," Rui said. In the process of applying for a job, Rui found that the basic configuration that can pass the "resume pass" of the school is this: the master / doctor of 985 / 6 subordinate normal undergraduate schools is better. "As long as the academic level is high, it is good to pass the resume pass, but those with poor academic qualifications don't even have examination qualifications," Rui said. Experts have reached a consensus on one point: the identities of graduates from famous schools, masters and doctors can not be directly equated with "famous teachers". If you want to become a famous teacher, you also need to experience in the practice of education and teaching. Chu Zhaohui believes that whether a person can become a good teacher still needs to return to the "entrance end". This "entrance end" refers to whether the person really likes the profession of teachers from the heart, is really willing to join the teaching team and has the ambition to strive for the cause of education, "The number of textual research and what kind of educational background we have are external factors. Only when the people we attract have the ambition and ambition to be teachers, can they continuously improve themselves, change themselves and improve their internal drive. This is the most important factor to improve the quality of teachers." (outlook new era)
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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