How to get out of the dilemma of "small horse pulling cart" in cultural relics protection
2021-11-05
Recently, the State Administration of cultural relics said that during the "14th five year plan" period, it will vigorously cultivate new people, strengthen team construction, strive to increase the number of cultural relics researchers by 25% by 2025, and get out of the dilemma of "small horse pulling cart". Compared with the "cart" of cultural relics protection in China, the talent gap is indeed worthy of attention. According to the first survey on national cultural relics restoration personnel conducted by the cultural and Expo system in 2015, the gap of national cultural relics protection and restoration personnel is about 26000. According to the first national census of movable cultural relics released in 2017, nearly 40% of cultural relics need to be repaired. Every year, the number of cultural relics to be restored increases at the rate of more than 3 million pieces (sets). The number of cultural relics practitioners has increased by 90% since 2007. However, there is still a high shortage of talents for cultural relics protection. Last year, Zhong Fangrong, a girl left behind in Leiyang, Hunan Province, scored 676 points in the college entrance examination, but she chose the major of Archaeology in Peking University. For a time, there was an uproar, and many netizens were very puzzled about it: Why did the top student with high scores choose a good hot major instead of "unpopular", "remote" and "no future" archaeology? The public response just reflects the talent dilemma on issues related to cultural relics protection in China. To solve the talent dilemma, we should first get rid of the prejudice of public ideas. Cultural relics and history are fresh, but only when we approach the public can we make them have more emotional connections, and then provide a more friendly public opinion environment for talent training, rather than mechanically labeling the work related to cultural relics protection as "unpopular". The historical dialogue with the depth of time can make the cultural relics "out of the circle" and have the magical effect of "pulling thousands of pounds in four or two". In 2016, the documentary I built cultural relics in the Forbidden City became popular. After that, the "recruitment ratio" of the cultural relics restoration division of the Forbidden City was comparable to the popular posts of national civil servants. By 2019, it has reached 88 places, attracting more than 40000 people to sign up. When you think about it carefully, it is not difficult to find that over the years, people have become more and more enthusiastic about archaeology and cultural relics. The popularity of a series of works such as "I build cultural relics in the Forbidden City" and "national treasures" has rekindled the public's enthusiasm for dusty history; The increasingly frequent cultural relics exhibitions in the museum are attracting more and more visitors; The ancient buildings affected by the rainstorm in Shanxi this year also affected the hearts of countless people. Keeping the public's heart is not only an important step in cultural relics protection, but also a prelude to the concept of cultivating cultural relics protection talents. Talent shortage has always been the bottleneck restricting the development of cultural relics protection. Improving the talent selection and training mechanism is the most critical move to break the situation. Cultural relics protection has its uniqueness, involving basic theory, materials, technology and other aspects. It should be an interdisciplinary subject. But at present, there is still a certain gap in China's training system. On the one hand, there are few special cultural relics protection and restoration education institutions in some universities and museums. On the other hand, in many colleges and universities, the majors related to cultural relics protection are still attached to the disciplines of history, archaeology, art and chemistry. The training system of theoretical talents and restoration talents is separated, which is difficult to meet the actual work needs. In this regard, in addition to expanding the scale of university training, we should also improve the talent training mechanism, such as strengthening the joint talent training with museums to realize the cooperation between theory and practice. In addition, we can explore diversified talent management mechanisms that adapt to the characteristics of the cultural and Expo industry, guide more social subjects to join the cultural relics protection team, and participate in archaeological investigation and exploration related work. In the final analysis, all-round talent protection is the ultimate magic weapon to retain cultural relics protection talents. (outlook new era)
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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