Non heritage aid to Xinjiang in a piece of tea
2021-11-04
"It's still the price close to the people, the mellow taste, and the bright color of the soup. When you hold a bowl of tea in your hand, you feel very secure!" at the "Xinjiang is a good place - counterpart assistance to the intangible cultural heritage exhibition of 19 provinces and cities in Xinjiang", gelitini, an old man in Xinjiang, specially brought his 7-year-old granddaughter to the Hunan exhibition area and told many stories about people and tea during tea tasting. Before leaving, the old man bought four pieces of traditional Fu brick tea and a batch of beautifully packaged "small bricks" and said he would give them to his relatives and friends. One side is the land of fish and rice by the Dongting Lake. Historically, the county was set up because of tea, and the other side is the Pearl of the Silk Road watered by Tianshan snow. Since ancient times, there has been no tea. In Hunan, the picked fresh leaves are made of a tea brick through the processes of killing, initial kneading, lying in the pile, re kneading and drying; After packaging, transshipment and distribution, this tea brick came to the table of the people in Xinjiang. A small piece of tea, an intangible cultural heritage skill, condenses the covenant of national unity, reflects the deep friendship of going through hardships, and also allows people to intuitively feel the thickness and temperature of intangible cultural heritage, and realize the key role of the cultural power represented by intangible cultural heritage in moistening and assisting Xinjiang. Profound origin, intangible cultural heritage aid Xinjiang, deeply rooted in life In the Astana ancient tomb group in Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the archaeological team found a small pile of dark brown plants - tea about 2200 years ago. This discovery fills the archaeological gap of tea culture in Xinjiang and is an empirical evidence of the prosperity of tea trade on the ancient Silk Road across Asia and Europe. Tea is a necessity for ethnic minority compatriots in Xinjiang and other places. Since the Tang Dynasty, tea was co-ordinated by the government, stored in the border and underground Treasury and exchanged for horses. With the growing prosperity of the tea market, special officials were set up to guard the tea market in the Song Dynasty, and there were "official markets" to exchange rice, salt and cloth for tea, and even counties were set up for tea. Therefore, Anhua, Yiyang, Hunan Province, is officially recognized as the main tea production place of "tea horse exchange market" and an important node in the ancient tea horse road. In the past, Yiyang Tea was called "Fu tea" because it needed to be built in dog days. It was also called "Fu brick tea" because it was made into brick. Tea is processed by special technology and has pharmacological and health care effects in traditional Chinese medicine, so it is also named "Fu tea" and "Fu tea". In the Ming Dynasty, Hunan began to produce a large number of "border tea" specially sold to the border areas. In the 23rd year of Wanli of the Ming Dynasty (1595), Anhua black tea was designated as official tea and exported to the northwest. After the Ming Dynasty, Fu tea was widely popular in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia and other places, and almost became synonymous with border selling tea. In 1958, Yiyang Fu brick tea was officially established, becoming a national designated and large edge selling tea and Fu brick tea manufacturer and a central edge selling tea raw material storage enterprise, which continued to play a role in maintaining national unity and stabilizing the frontier. In 1985, the 30th anniversary of the founding of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the "national unity Fu tea" produced by Hunan Yiyang Tea Factory was also selected as a gift by the central delegation, which was personally presented to the people of Xinjiang by Vice Premier Wang Zhen. Tea is deeply rooted in people's material and spiritual life. It is an important part of the lives of ethnic minorities and plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the stability of border areas. In order to ensure the stable supply of special necessities for ethnic minorities, China introduced the border selling tea reserve system during the Eighth Five-Year Plan (1991-1995), and introduced new preferential policies for ethnic trade and production of ethnic products in 1997. The people's Bank of China arranges 100 million yuan of interest discount loans every year, It is used for the construction of national trade outlets and the technical transformation of designated national goods production enterprises. In 2002, China formulated the measures for the administration of national reserve of border selling tea, which implements reserve management for raw materials and finished products of Fu tea, gives credit support to storage units, and the loan interest for reserve is borne by the central government. In June and December of each year, when the state conducts a unified inspection on the strategic reserve, the reserve of Yiyang Fu brick tea, covering a total area of more than 30 mu, is always full. According to the national strategic reserve requirements, Yiyang Fu brick tea reserves 4000 tons of tea raw materials and 1000 tons of finished tea every year, and the state will provide discount support according to the market price of that year. In order to ensure the stable supply of high-quality edge selling tea, Yiyang Fuzhuan Tea has built a moisture-proof and wind-resistant tea reserve library with high standards, and the actual number of tea reserves per year far exceeds the national index. The border selling tea represented by Yiyang Fuzhuan Tea has played an important role in meeting the production and living needs of northwest ethnic minorities, promoting the economic development of northwest ethnic minority areas and enhancing ethnic unity. In 2008, the black tea making technology was included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list published by the State Council, including Yiyang's Fu brick tea making technology. In this year, Yiyang Fu brick tea took an important step on the road of non heritage aid to Xinjiang Rain or shine, friendship melts into "one bowl" Back in the early 21st century, despite the support of national policies, a large number of tea factories focusing on border sales closed down due to complicated processes, high costs and unstable supply chain, as well as the passing of old craftsmen. Yiyang Fu brick tea brand is difficult to maintain, and the production technology of Fu brick tea was once in trouble. "It was the most difficult year from 2003 to 2004, and tea sales continued to suffer losses. In this case, we should protect, inherit and make good use of these treasures left by our ancestors. Our generation should shoulder the burden." Liu Xingyi, inheritor of intangible cultural heritage of Yiyang Fu brick tea making technology and deputy general manager of Yiyang Fu brick tea factory Co., Ltd., recalls that we are facing a survival crisis, They took the lead in product research and development, broke through technical difficulties, and explored the production of tea varieties suitable for domestic sales and product design schemes with more bidding space in addition to the existing single tea category. Fu brick tea has "Golden Flower" after unique fermentation and flowering process. On the basis of inheriting the old technology and highlighting the phase identification, the improved Fu brick tea taste went to a higher level, gradually expanded the market and reversed the adverse situation in one fell swoop. After honing, Yiyang Fu brick tea making technology is not only far from the edge of decline, but also further accumulated public praise. In 2007, Yiyang Fu brick tea factory, which is developing well, completed the enterprise transformation and officially entered the market-oriented operation. In the face of the balance between social and economic benefits, the intangible cultural heritage people will play a new role. "We firmly adopt the idea of strengthening domestic sales and supplementing side sales with domestic sales. No matter what difficulties we encounter, we should ensure the supply of side sales, do not increase prices or reduce quantities, and help national unity. This is not only the task entrusted to us by the state, but also our mission." Liu Xingyi introduced that the inheritors of Yiyang Fu brick tea making technology and all employees of the tea factory reached a consensus on this. From enterprises to individuals, we all have many Xinjiang friends, who are directly infiltrated by the profound tea culture and integrate the national emotion into "one bowl". "Only by continuously and steadily producing Yiyang Fu brick tea of constant quality, low price and high quality, can we deserve this friendship," Liu Xingyi said. According to statistics, for a long time, Xiangyi special Fu tea of Yiyang Tea Factory accounts for one quarter of the production and sales of border selling tea in China, more than 60% of the production and sales of border selling tea in Hunan Province, and supplies 4000 tons of tea to Xinjiang every year. Pour intangible cultural heritage into Xinjiang and build a "concentric circle" The more powerful the intangible cultural heritage is in assisting Xinjiang, the more mellow the tea tastes. For hundreds of years, tea has infiltrated people's hearts as an important link of national exchanges; The intangible cultural heritage condensed in it is the internal connection and lasting fermentation of national blending. In Xinjiang, there is a popular saying all the year round: "drink Yilite for drinking and xiangyite for drinking tea." this is the affectionate praise of northwest minority compatriots who "prefer no food for three days to no tea for one day". It is precisely because of the strong support and promotion of the government and the original intention of intangible cultural heritage inheritors and inheritors that the people really enjoy the benefits of intangible cultural heritage assistance to Xinjiang. Today, Yiyang Fu brick tea making technology has become more proficient through the inheritance of several generations of intangible cultural heritage people, and continues to seek creative transformation and innovative development. Liu Xingyi introduced that at present, there are one national intangible cultural heritage inheritor and one provincial intangible cultural heritage inheritor, five municipal intangible cultural heritage inheritors and nearly 20 apprentices of Yiyang Fu brick tea making technology. Yiyang Fu brick tea has reached strategic cooperation with Hunan Agricultural University and other colleges and universities. As a tea making technology practice base, it receives a large number of college students to hone their technology every year. The excellent have the opportunity to stay in the tea factory and join the team of Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance to carry forward the excellent Chinese traditional culture. "Yiyang Fu brick tea has successors," said Liu Xingyi happily. The reporter learned that Yiyang Fu brick tea's Centennial theme tea "banner" and other new products came from the hands of the younger generation of intangible cultural heritage inheritors. According to the needs of the people in different regions, the inheritors of intangible cultural heritage pay special attention to the eating habits and nutritional balance of ethnic minorities. On the basis of the unique "flowering" process, they improve the tea making skills, select the high-quality tea bud tips with good growth status in the core production area of Xuefeng mountains, and launch new tea products for the frontier people. At the same time, the packaging design adopts national fashion elements such as the main color of Chinese red and exquisite bronzing technology, which is more in line with the aesthetic concept of modern people and conveys the common Chinese cultural identity of the nation. At present, Yiyang Fuzhuan Tea also plans to jointly launch tea derivatives with other brands, bring tea culture into daily diet and daily life, and serve the frontier people in many aspects. With the in-depth development of intangible cultural heritage assistance to Xinjiang, the cultural road of Yiyang Fu brick tea to moisten Xinjiang is wider and wider, and the national exchanges and blending are deeper and deeper, which is condensing the unity force to forge ahead into the new era. (outlook new era)
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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