How to deal with campus bullying
2021-11-01
In recent years, campus bullying incidents occur frequently, and its attribute has changed from campus accidents to social problems. There is no trivial matter about bullying on campus. Behind any bullying accident, it is involved in the healthy growth of two or a group of children. In order to curb bullying on campus, the party and the state attach great importance to bullying Governance: in 2016, the Ministry of education and other nine departments issued the guidance on preventing bullying and violence among primary and secondary school students; In 2017, the Ministry of education and other 11 departments jointly issued the comprehensive treatment plan for strengthening bullying among primary and secondary school students, proposing to establish a long-term mechanism to prevent bullying among primary and secondary school students and work together to build the most sunny and safe campus. A series of measures have achieved certain results, but still "press the gourd to float up"; In 2021, the Ministry of Education issued the special action plan for preventing bullying of primary and secondary school students, which proposed that all localities should find out the dead corners and eliminate the occurrence of campus bullying; During the national two sessions this year, many representatives continued to pay attention to bullying, making it a hot educational topic again. In order to fully understand the current situation of campus bullying, from 2019 to 2020, the education governance modernization research group of central China Normal University (hereinafter referred to as the "research group") conducted field research in six provinces of China, including Shandong, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi and Sichuan, and conducted sampling surveys on primary and secondary schools in provincial capital cities, prefecture level cities and county-level cities, The sample covers more than 10000 students from more than 130 primary and secondary schools in the East, central and western regions. A special survey on campus bullying was conducted in the questionnaire. What is the current situation of campus bullying Campus bullying refers to the victim's intentional, repeated and continuous negative behavior by one or more students, causing physical and psychological harm or maladjustment to the victim. It is a special aggressive behavior between primary and secondary school students, which can be divided into relationship bullying, verbal bullying, physical bullying, network bullying and so on. The survey data of the research group on six provinces in China show that the incidence of campus bullying is 32.4%. Compared with previous surveys conducted by other subjects, the subject believes that the incidence of campus bullying has generally decreased in recent years, but the incidence is still high. Compared with the survey report of the campus security professional committee of China Society of emergency management in 2017, the research group believes that the incidence of all forms of bullying has decreased: the incidence of relationship bullying is 10.5%, the incidence of language bullying is 17.4%, the incidence of physical bullying is 12.7%, and the incidence of online bullying is 6.8%. At the same time, the survey results of the research group show that the "bullying" characteristics of campus bullying are becoming more and more obvious, and parents have a significant impact on the incidence of bullying. In terms of individual characteristics of students, the incidence of bullying of migrant children is similar to that of ordinary children, but the probability of bullying of left behind children is significantly higher than that of ordinary children. According to the analysis of the research group, left behind children lack the daily care of their parents, are often in a vulnerable position in school and are vulnerable to bullying. Due to the vigorous energy of boys in adolescence and the phenomenon of "Gang building", the incidence of bullying of boys is significantly higher than that of girls, and teenagers with good health and performance are less likely to be bullied. In the family characteristics of students, the children of divorced or remarried families have a significantly higher probability of being bullied, while the children of widowed families have a relatively lower probability of being bullied. According to the analysis of the research group, the reason behind most divorced or remarried families is the emotional breakdown of their parents. Their children often lack the care of one party and have relatively little parental support, so they are more vulnerable to bullying. However, the public often hold "compassion" and "love" for the children of widowed families, so they have a lower probability of being bullied. In addition, the higher the educational background of parents and the better the family economic conditions, the lower the probability of children being bullied. Generally speaking, in the campus bullying incident, the vulnerable groups have become more vulnerable to bullying, which has a serious impact on their physical and mental development. Solving the four dilemmas of campus bullying Campus bullying not only has a serious impact on students' physical health, but also brings many obstacles to students' mental health and personality integrity, and permanent damage to children's spiritual growth. What are the difficulties behind the cracking of campus bullying? （1） "Emptiness" defined by law Law is not only a weapon to protect the basic rights and interests of citizens, but also the fundamental basis for running schools according to law. At present, there are three laws for the protection of teenagers in China: the law on the protection of minors, the law on the prevention of juvenile delinquency and the law on compulsory education, but none of them clearly defines campus bullying. A deputy to the National People's Congress once said that the main reason for the current frequent campus bullying incidents lies in the lack of legislation. It is precisely because there is no clear definition of campus bullying in the current relevant laws, as well as the lack of relevant prevention and punishment mechanisms, which eventually leads to the frequent campus bullying incidents in the form of group beatings, insults and threats. According to the analysis of the research group, on the one hand, the law needs to be improved, but on the other hand, it is also difficult to monitor and define campus bullying. Teenagers are lively and often have subtle contradictions and conflicts with their peers. This conflict can only be transformed into bullying after producing corresponding characteristics. Because there is no special verification standard, a considerable number of schools only treat bullying as an ordinary contradiction, and the frequency of language bullying is the highest in bullying behavior, which is not only difficult to define, but also difficult to monitor. This year, the Ministry of education replied on the official website on the proposal of campus bullying that a campus bullying prevention and control mechanism will be established from the legal level, and the relevant contents of student bullying prevention and control have been included in the revised draft of the relevant bill. （2） The "thinness" of legal concept Another reason why campus bullying occurs frequently and is difficult to crack is that students' legal concept is weak. According to the analysis of the research group, bullying mostly occurs among teenagers aged 10-16. Due to the characteristics of phased development of juvenile students, their psychological development and physiological development usually have a short-term imbalance, resulting in the insufficient degree of psychological maturity to dominate and control their physical behavior. Therefore, they are often not calm, impulsive and explosive. At this stage, students often focus on classroom learning, and there is a serious shortage of law popularization education: on the one hand, bullies do not know that their behavior will constitute bullying, or they know but don't think so. They think they are just students, and the greatest punishment is not to read. Often in their hearts, the "bullying cost" is negligible, but they don't know that they are already touching the red line of the law. On the other hand, when being bullied, the bullied usually don't know how to deal with it. In addition, the bullies often threaten that they are not allowed to tell teachers or parents. Out of their inner fear and weak legal awareness, they fall into the "bullying trap" that the more they dare not say, the easier they are to be bullied. According to the survey data of the research group, the probability of students who choose to "hide in their heart" after being bullied is 45.2%, while only 11.7% choose to "tell their parents" and 14.3% choose to "tell their teachers". （3） "Sleepiness" of teachers' punishment Different from other bullying incidents, most of the subjects of campus bullying are minors under the age of 14, which are within the protection scope of the law on the protection of minors and the law on the prevention of juvenile delinquency, and bullying has the problems of "difficult definition, difficult evidence collection and difficult handling", which is difficult to carry out criminal or administrative punishment, so they can only be admonished according to law. In the face of bullying, the school is in a "sandwich" position between government departments and parents, and bears two pressures at the same time. Due to the lack of education and punishment power, the lack of legal advisers and full-time psychological teachers, the power of school bullying management is limited. On the one hand, some teachers do not report campus bullying in time due to class unity, work performance or school reputation, resulting in the further deterioration of campus bullying. On the other hand, due to the lack of legal basis for the handling of bullying incidents, a little neglect will lead to "disciplinary abuse", and teachers can't beat students. If teachers beat the perpetrator's students, their parents will think that teachers abuse their power. When schools encounter such incidents, they don't know how to deal with them, and then fall into the trap of punishment - although The disciplinary rules for primary and secondary education (for Trial Implementation) stipulates that bullying should be severely punished and teachers have certain disciplinary power, but the specific definition and punishment of bullying still need to be improved. （4） "Lack" of out of school education The survey data of the research group show that campus bullying is mostly related to the specific situation of native families. Family intervention can significantly reduce the occurrence of campus bullying, but in fact, there is a serious lack of family education about campus bullying. Students' parents are often busy with their work, and their concern for their children mostly stays on their academic performance. On the other hand, parents usually tell their children to "don't be bullied" at school, but few parents warn their children to "don't bully others". Often only after their children are bullied by others, parents pay attention to bullying education for their children. In addition, although campus bullying is known as "campus", its occurrence is not limited to the campus, and the periphery of the campus is also a high incidence of bullying. However, few social groups around the campus participate in the education and prevention of bullying, and there is a serious lack of off campus education of campus bullying. Four word key to bullying governance （1） Make good use of the "fine" formula The Ministry of education has repeatedly stressed that all localities should "establish and improve the long-term mechanism for campus bullying governance". However, some schools lack experience in dealing with campus bullying, lack scientific investigation tools and means, and pay insufficient attention, resulting in frequent campus bullying. The foundation of campus bullying governance lies in investigation. The research group suggests that the detailed investigation work can start from the following aspects: first, establish a campus bullying investigation mechanism, and local education administrative departments should urge schools to carry out various self-examination activities, recheck based on the school's self-examination results, and carry out irregular sampling inspection. In the process of investigation, we can't miss any possible bullying Students, form a special investigation report and publish it in time. Second, improve the campus bullying investigation infrastructure, install monitoring equipment in each execution corner of the school, and introduce an intelligent supervision platform. Once the occurrence of suspected bullying is detected, an early warning will be issued immediately, and the on-site monitoring video will be retained. （2） Punish with the word "strict" At present, due to the absence of supporting construction in the field of juvenile justice, there are few disciplinary means in case of student bullying. There is a lack of transitional disciplinary mechanism between juvenile protection and juvenile criminal punishment. Due to the age of criminal responsibility, it can only be dealt with leniently by means of apology from the students concerned and civil compensation from the students' parents, which is not strong enough. The punishment of campus bullying is not strict, resulting in The cost of bullying is low, which can not strengthen the bully's own scruples. The research group suggested that "zero tolerance" must be established in the handling of campus bullying Principle and timeliness principle. It should be clearly stipulated that schools and teachers must solve any campus bullying incident without shelving or shirking it. Under the guidance of the principle of protecting students' legitimate rights and interests and minimum injury, an incentive and accountability mechanism for campus bullying governance should be established to stimulate teachers' initiative in campus bullying governance. Teachers are required to summarize the details of bullying incident, handling measures and punishment Record the results and report the incident to the superior at the same time
Edit：Yuanqi Tang Responsible editor：Xiao Yu
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