The design of medals for the Winter Olympic Games refers to the concentric round grain jade unearthed from the Nanyue King's tomb
2021-10-29
On the evening of October 26, the medal "Tongxin" of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games was released. The medal body is composed of a ring and a circle center. The image comes from the concentric round jade in ancient China. It expresses the Chinese cultural connotation of "harmony between heaven and earth and the same people". It also symbolizes that the Olympic spirit brings people together. The number of jade Bi unearthed from the Nanyue King's tomb is D54 According to the published data, the design team referred to the concentric round jade unearthed from the Nanyue King's tomb as the visual source of the decorative patterns of the medals of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. A total of 71 jade pieces were unearthed from the Nanyue King's tomb discovered in 1983. Mr. Huang Zhanyue, a famous archaeologist, once commented: "if you know the jade of the Nanyue King's tomb, you basically know the jade of the Western Han Dynasty". There are 10 pieces of jade on the jade clothes of the owner of the Nanyue King's tomb Experts from the Nanyue King museum said that the jade unearthed from the Nanyue King's tomb can be divided into plain jade, zoning jade, carving jade and outline jade. The "concentric circle jade Bi" referred to in the Winter Olympic medals is the Three Zone Jade Bi among the Zone Jade Bi. As the name suggests, the wall of this jade wall is divided into three areas by three concentric circles. A total of 5 pieces were unearthed in the tomb, which is very rare in Han tombs of the same period. The archaeological item officially announced as an important creative source of the medal is D54. It is made of sapphire and is dark green. It comes from the coffin head box in the main coffin room of the tomb. There are three groups of dragon patterns in the inner area of the wall, vortex patterns in the middle area and six groups of dragon patterns in the outer area. It has an outer diameter of 28.1 cm, an inner diameter of 5.2 cm, a thickness of 0.6-0.8 cm, and some edges are not polished. The jade Bi of the three districts unearthed from the Nanyue King's tomb are generally large, with a diameter of more than 20 cm. Among them, the jade wall numbered d49, with a diameter of 33.4 cm, is the largest known jade wall of the Han Dynasty. There are 71 jade pieces in the Nanyue King's tomb, which are divided into 6 rooms. The carving techniques and patterns of these jade walls basically cover the published Han Dynasty Jade walls, and the unearthed location and combination relationship are clear. The jade pendant of the martyr group in the front room includes three jade pieces; The jade pendant of the martyr group in the East ear room includes a jade Bi; Six jade and five glazed stones were found in the West ear room; A total of 49 jade gems were unearthed in the main coffin room, including 1 on the left eye of the jade garment, 10 on the jade garment, 5 under the jade garment, 14 on the inner side of the jade garment, 3 on the right side of the inner coffin opposite to the 3 jade ornaments on the left, 7 on the lacquer box containing pearls in the head box, 149 in the foot box, 2 large jade gems under the pottery wall, 1 openwork continuous wall under the jade shoe cover, and 4 large jade gems around the outer coffin, In addition, the jade pendant of the tomb owner group includes two jade Bi; The east room is the place where the wife was buried. Seven groups of jade pendants were found, including 12 jade pieces; A jade bi was found in the west room. From the perspective of carving techniques, the jade Bi unearthed from Nanyue King's tomb and Mancheng Han tomb can be mainly divided into two categories: one is the traditional round jade Bi, with round holes in the middle, and both sides of the Bi are engraved with yin or shallow relief patterns; The other is the outline jade wall, which is opencut or carved with vortex patterns on the wall surface, and opencut accessories on the inner hole or outer edge. At present, many objects, including d49, can be seen in the showcase in the king's tomb exhibition area of the Nanyue King Museum, while D54 jade is on display in the "Haiyu Youtong" exhibition of the National Museum of Beijing. Jade Bi is a kind of jade that originated earlier and lasted longer. Jade Bi in the pre Qin period was mainly used as a sacrificial ritual. In the Western Han Dynasty, jade bi was widely used as a burial jade in the tombs of princes and kings. Huang Zhanyue pointed out that "the ancients believed that dragons could rise to the sky, dive into the abyss and change endlessly". The Phoenix is said to be the messenger of the emperor of heaven. People think that with the guidance of the Phoenix, they can reach the heaven smoothly. Carving Dragon patterns or phoenix patterns on jade walls was probably a creative idea of people in the Warring States period, which continued later. Li Minyong, President of the Nanyue King Museum, said that in addition to the jade Bi unearthed in the king's tomb, a large number of jade products were also unearthed, such as dragon and phoenix pattern double ring jade pendant, and many types of utensils have styles. There are more than 240 pieces of jade unearthed from the Nanyue King's tomb. Except for jade clothes, they are all practical utensils, ceremonial jade, accessories and handicrafts. According to research, at least part of the jade was carved in the court. According to the book of Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo once presented "a pair of white Bi" to Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty. This shows that there was a large-scale jade carving workshop in the Nanyue Palace at that time. The jade carving workers in South Vietnam are probably soldiers and their descendants who have jade carving skills in the Qin army going south. They retained the traditional jade carving style of the Central Plains and Chu. After coming to Lingnan, they absorbed the local culture and created some of their own, forming a unique style with the confluence of Han, Chu and Yue cultures. (outlook new era)
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