How to build the "upgraded version" of Vocational Education
2021-10-18
In Shanxi Vocational University of engineering and technology, teachers are guiding students to carry out battery testing. Students of Nanjing Polytechnic University carry out practical operation on aircraft. Students of Nanjing Polytechnic University are conducting practical training on safety restraint system of new energy vehicles. Teachers and students of Nanjing Polytechnic University are training in the disassembly and assembly of aircraft turbojet engine. The Chinese vocational school, which was born in 1918, is the first institution named "Vocational" in modern China. In the past hundred years, after several twists and turns, he finally settled in Nanjing and became today's Nanjing Polytechnic University. As the first public undergraduate Vocational College in China, what experience, problems and thoughts have Nanjing University of industry and technology obtained in the past two years? The reporter conducted an interview on this. From "limited ability" to "invisible champion" In the eyes of "faxiao", Wang Hao, a vocational school student, is undoubtedly the "invisible champion" among his small partners. Wang Hao, 24, won the first prize in the national skills competition. Now he is a university teacher. His students also won the National Award. Many of his old classmates are still struggling on the single wooden bridge of the postgraduate entrance examination. Wang Hao's "counter attack" road began with the registration of the high school entrance examination eight years ago. "At that time, my parents asked me to apply for an ordinary high school and then enter the University, and one of my brothers who had read a vocational school thought that my grades had been medium, and it was difficult to enter a good university. It was better to read a vocational school and learn a technology." Wang Hao said that he, who liked playing with small appliances such as radios since childhood, also felt that he preferred to do it, so he chose to apply for a vocational high school. In the vocational high school, Wang haoxue is mechatronics, which is the extension of his interest. In the past three years, he participated in the Jiangsu skill competition and won the second prize. From this, he successfully entered Nanjing Industrial Vocational and Technical College (now Nanjing Industrial Vocational and Technical University) to continue his study. His major is still his favorite electrical automation. After entering the University, Wang Hao once again spent almost all his energy on preparing for the competition. In addition to class and sleeping, he was soaking in the training center and laboratory. Kung Fu pays off. He successfully participated in the national skill competition and won the first prize. When he graduated, he stayed in school as an assistant experimenter and became the "invisible champion" in the mouth of his friends. The experience of becoming a college teacher in his early 20s has enabled Wang Hao and his relatives and friends to re understand vocational education, a road to success that is often talked about but rarely seen. For Wang Hao's "counter attack" growth, song Zenglu, a former teaching teacher and a teacher of the school of electrical engineering of Nanjing University of technology, felt the most. After being introduced to Nanjing Polytechnic University as a talent, the first problem encountered by the returning doctor from Japan was how to solve the students' deep sense of inferiority. "In today's environment, reading vocational high schools, junior colleges and even vocational undergraduate courses often comes from 'poor grades' and' poor test results', and students often come to the school with the label of 'loser'." song Zenglu said that students are very smart and have strong practical ability, but they are used to talking about "limited ability" and "I can't do it". In order to solve the problem of confidence, song Zenglu made three rules for students, forbidding them to say no and can't do it, encouraging them to ask questions, even simple basic questions, "start from scratch and accumulate confidence bit by bit". As song Zenglu imagined, after repairing the short board of lack of confidence, the results were immediate. Within two years, his team took 3 first prize in the national skills competition, and won the gold award of the Internet plus national innovation and entrepreneurship competition in 2020. Song Zenglu's practice reflects some helplessness that vocational education still faces. Like song Zenglu, many teachers in vocational colleges are looking forward to the early realization of the goal of "greatly improving the social status of technical and skilled talents by 2035" put forward in the opinions. In that way, the society will no longer look at vocational education with colored glasses, no longer label vocational education students as "losers", and students no longer need to grow against the trend, But can "follow the trend" to grow. "Under the guidance of unscientific and irrational educational evaluation, such as' only score 'and' only entrance to higher education ', education is' introverted', the educational anxiety of society, parents and students is becoming more and more serious, and there is a lack of correct understanding of vocational education. Every young person should have brilliant opportunities, and our whole society should support and encourage the growth of vocational college students." Wu Xuemin, Party Secretary of Nanjing University of technology, said. The demand for Vocational Undergraduates has entered an explosive period In recent years, intelligent and digital transformation has accelerated among enterprises across the country. Machines are getting smarter, technology iterations are getting faster, and suitable talents are becoming more and more difficult to find. Liang Yansong, general manager of Nanjing Branch of Beijing Jingdiao technology group and President of Nangong Beijing Jingdiao college, felt this deeply: "With the intelligent transformation, the 'assembly line' work is mostly completed by robots, and employees are more responsible for back-end monitoring, programming, front-end inspection and maintenance. In the past, we recruited many junior college students to operate the machine. Now the equipment has been upgraded, and hands-on operation has become the second. Therefore, we need more professional undergraduate talents with knowledge reserve," Liang Yansong said. "Vocational undergraduate education is not an extended version of vocational college education, nor a replica of ordinary undergraduate education, but the undergraduate level of vocational education types," said Xie Yonghua, deputy secretary of the Party committee and President of Nanjing University of technology. "Vocational undergraduate education is the result of the urgent need to adapt to industrial transformation and upgrading and the high level of vocational education." Wu Xuemin believes that compared with vocational colleges, vocational undergraduate education reflects four more: deeper theoretical foundation, more complete knowledge system, more complex professional ability and more solid accumulation of technical skills. In order to "rush to buy" more urgently needed professional undergraduate talents, on June 2, 2020, Beijing Jingdiao technology group and Nanjing University of technology carried out industry university research strategic cooperation and established Nangong Beijing Jingdiao college. The two sides carried out more in-depth cooperation and jointly formulated talent training programs. Then, how many suitable talents can the college cultivate after its establishment? Is it enough? "Certainly not enough." Liang Yansong said that there are 300 students in each session of Nangong Beijing fine carving college, and Beijing fine carving group sells about 10000 sets of equipment every year. Even if it is calculated according to one technician for every two sets of equipment, it also needs about 5000 professional undergraduate talents every year. This is also releasing a clear signal: in the manufacturing industry that China is good at, the junior college students trained under the traditional vocational education mode can no longer fully meet the needs of technical and skilled talents for industrial upgrading. Enterprises will recruit more vocational undergraduate graduates with more solid theoretical knowledge and stronger technological innovation ability. However, since the pilot training of Vocational Undergraduates in China only started in 2019, coupled with the four-year training cycle, it is difficult to meet the needs of enterprises in the short term even if we "place orders" now. The newly issued opinions put forward that by 2025, the enrollment scale of vocational undergraduate education will not be less than 10% of the enrollment scale of higher vocational education. The Ministry of Education recently issued the statistical bulletin of national education development in 2020 It is estimated that the enrollment of vocational undergraduate education may reach more than 500000 in four years, which will also alleviate the shortage of talents in industrial upgrading to a certain extent. Build an expert double division team Zhao Rongrong, who holds the titles of national technical expert, Jiangsu craftsman and national master of numerical control skills, is the youngest "master" of Nanjing Polytechnic University. He is good at thinking. After graduating from technical secondary school, he has been studying numerical control technology and won the champion of the national numerical control skills competition in 2014. After entering the technician college as a teacher, he can not only introduce the enterprise's new knowledge, new processes and new methods into the classroom, but also put forward a variety of solutions for the enterprise. In order to introduce Zhao Rongrong, Nanjing University of industry and technology not only offered 700000 yuan The generous treatment of family fee and annual salary of 500000 yuan has also established a "skill master studio" for him. At present, the studio team has 8 members, including 3 national technical experts and 4 doctoral students. In recent years, Nanjing Polytechnic University has been able to describe the introduction of talents as "great efforts". By implementing the strategy of "strengthening the university with talents", it has attracted many high-level talents such as national famous teachers, national technical experts, provincial famous teachers, provincial craftsmen, technical directors of well-known enterprises, professional leaders and doctors to teach at the University. "So far, the school has 11 'skill master studios' and 92.29% of the teachers with' double qualified quality '." Xie Yonghua said that accelerating the development of modern vocational education and cultivating thousands of high-quality skilled talents are inseparable from the new era, high-quality and double qualified vocational education teachers. The quality of Teachers in vocational colleges, especially "Double qualified" teachers are related to the training quality of vocational education talents. "To do a good job in vocational undergraduate education, we should continue to optimize the team of full-time and part-time teachers, and build an expert double qualified team with the spirit of craftsmanship in professional quality, research ability and profound accumulation in technical theory, and the ability to use engineering methods to solve front-line complex problems in practice. We should also strengthen the construction of part-time teachers and constantly expand the number of part-time teachers in enterprises Vocational teachers should form a mixed teacher team of schools and enterprises, and bring new technologies and processes of enterprises to the process of talent training, "said Wu Xuemin. With regard to the "steadily developing vocational undergraduate education and building vocational undergraduate schools and majors with high standards" proposed in the opinions, Wu Xuemin believes that it should be promoted from the three macro dimensions of educational attribute, vocational attribute and undergraduate attribute: "Adhering to the educational attribute is to implement the establishment of morality and talents into the whole process of school education, teaching and talent training; adhering to the vocational attribute, we should strengthen the school running direction of vocational education, realize the transformation and upgrading of training orientation to high-level technical talents, the transformation and upgrading of training mode to school enterprise integration, the transformation and upgrading of teaching staff to expert double teachers, and the transformation and upgrading of service ability to leading talents To adhere to the attribute of undergraduate education is to improve the overall level of undergraduate education and realize three upgrades: academic, basic and innovative. " (outlook new era)
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